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In certain failure cases, such as the loss of VS1G computation or the loss of two ADRs, the longitudinal static stability cannot be restored at low speed. In the case of a loss of three ADRs, it cannot be restored at high speed.
In alternate law, VMO/MMO settings are reduced (see ECAM indications here after), and α FLOOR is inhibited.
OPERATIONAL RECOMMENDATION
The handling characteristics within the normal flight envelope, are identical in pitch with normal law. Outside the normal flight envelope, the PF must take appropriate preventive actions to avoid losing
control, and/or avoid high speed excursions. These actions are the same as those that would be applied in any case where non protected aircraft (e.g. in case of stall warning: add thrust, reduce pitch, check speedbrakes retracted).
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
DIRECT LAW
Applicable to: ALL
In most triple failure cases, direct law triggers. When this occurs:
? Elevator deflection is proportional to stick deflection. Maximum deflection depends on the configuration and on the CG
? Aileron and spoiler deflections are proportional to stick deflection, but vary with the aircraft configuration
? Pitch trim is commanded manually
? Yaw damper and minimum turn coordination are provided.
Handling characteristics are natural, of high-quality aircraft, almost independent of the configuration and of the CG. Therefore, the aircraft obviously has no protections, no automatic pitch trim, but overspeed or stall warnings.
OPERATIONAL RECOMMENDATION
The PF must avoid performing large thrust changes, or sudden speedbrake movements, particularly if the center of gravity is aft. If the speedbrakes are out, and the aircraft has been re-trimmed, the PF
must gently retract the speedbrakes, to give the aircraft time to retrim, and thereby avoid a large, nose-down trim change.
INDICATIONS
Applicable to: ALL
The ECAM and PFD indicate any control law degradation. ON THE ECAM
In Alternate Law:
FLT CTL ALTN LAW (PROT LOST)
MAX SPEED 330/0.82
In Direct Law:
FLT CTL DIRECT LAW (PROT LOST)
MAX SPEED 330/0.80
MAN PITCH TRIM USE
ON THE PFD
The PFD enhances the PF's awarness of the status of flight controls.
Specific symbols (= in green), and specific formatting of low speed information on the speed scale in normal law, indicate which protections are available.
When protections are lost, amber crosses (X) appear, instead of the green protection symbols (=).
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
When automatic pitch trim is no longer available, the PFD indicates this with an amber “USE MAN PITCH TRIM” message below the FMA.
Fly-by-Wire Status Awareness via the PFD
Therefore, by simply looking at this main instrument (PFD), the flight crew is immediately aware of the status of flight controls, and the operational consequences.
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A330/A340 机组训练手册 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual 1(8)
