曝光台 注意防骗
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The higher the inertia of the aircraft is, the more it is important to initiate the rotation with a smooth positive backward sidestick input (typically 2/3 backstick). Avoid aggressive and sharp inputs.
The initial rotation rate takes time to establish. For a given sidestick input, once it has developed, it remains relatively constant. It is typically about 3 °/s. Avoid low rotation rates as this will have an
impact on takeoff performance by increasing the takeoff ground run. Rotation rates between 2 °/
NORMAL OPERATIONS
TAKEOFF
s and 3 °/s will have a minimal impact on takeoff run but rates significantly below 2 °/s should be avoided. The time for rotation (from start of rotation input to lift off) is typically around 5 s to 7 s.
If the established pitch rate is not satisfactory, the pilot must make smooth corrections on the stick. He must avoid rapid and large corrections, which cause sharp reaction in pitch from the aircraft. If, to increase the rotation rate, a further and late aft sidestick input is made around the time of lift-off, the possibility of tailstrike increases significantly.
During rotation, the crew must not chase the FD pitch bar, since it does not give any pitch rate order, and might lead to overreaction.
Once airborne only, the crew must refine the aircraft pitch attitude using the FD, which is then
representative of the SRS orders. The fly-by-wire control laws change into flight normal law, with automatic pitch trim active.
AIRCRAFT GEOMETRY
Applicable to: ALL
MAX PITCH ATTITUDE ON GROUND depending on main gear oleo position
fully extended fully compressed
16.0 ° 11.5 °
TAIL STRIKE AVOIDANCE
Applicable to: ALL
INTRODUCTION
Tail strikes can cause extensive structural damage, which can jeopardize the flight and lead to heavy maintenance action. They most often occur in such adverse conditions as crosswind, turbulence, windshear, etc.
The minimum tail clearance occurs before lift off (due to rotating bogies).
MAIN FACTORS
EARLY ROTATION
Early rotation occurs when rotation is initiated below the scheduled VR. The potential reasons for this are:
? The calculated VR is incorrect for the aircraft weight or flap configuration.
? The PF commands rotation below VR due to gusts, windshear or an obstacle on the runway.
Whatever the cause of the early rotation, the result will be an increased pitch attitude at lift-off, and consequently a reduced tail clearance.
ROTATION TECHNIQUE
The recommendation given in the ROTATION TECHNIQUE paragraph should be applied.
NORMAL OPERATIONS
TAKEOFF
A fast rotation rate increases the risk of tailstrike, but a slow rate increases take-off distance. The recommended rate is between 2 and 3 °/s , which reflects the average rates achieved during flight test, and is also the reference rate for performance calculations.
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