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CFIT ESCAPE MANOEUVRES ON PROTECTED AND NON PROTECTED AIRCRAFT
The above-illustrated are typical trajectories flown by all protected or not protected aircraft, when the PF applies the escape procedure after an aural " GPWS PULL UP" alert.
The graph demonstrates the efficiency of the protection, to ensure a duck-under that is 50 % lower, a bucket-distance that is 50 % shorter, a safety margin that more than doubles (due to a quicker reaction time), and a significant altitude gain (± 250 ft). These characteristics are common to all protected aircraft, because the escape procedure is easy to achieve, and enables the PF to fly the aircraft at a constant AOA, close to the max AOA. It is much more difficult to fly the stick shaker AOA on an aircraft that is not protected.
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
MECHANICAL BACKUP
Applicable to: ALL
The purpose of the mechanical backup is to achieve all safety objectives in MMEL dispatch condition: To manage a temporary and total electrical loss, the temporary loss of five fly-by-wire computers, the loss of both elevators, or the total loss of ailerons and spoilers.
It must be noted that it is very unlikely that the mechanical backup will be used, due to the fly-by-wire architecture. For example, in case of electrical emergency configuration, or an all-engine flameout, alternate law remains available.
In the unlikely event of such a failure, mechanical backup enables the PF to safely stabilize the aircraft, using the rudder and manual pitch trim, while reconfiguring the systems.
In such cases, the objective is not to fly the aircraft accurately, but to maintain the aircraft attitude safe and stabilized, in order to allow the restoration of lost systems.
The pitch trim wheel is used to control pitch. Any action on the pitch trim wheel should be applied smoothly, because the THS effect is significant due to its large size.
The rudder provides lateral control, and induces a significant roll with a slight delay. The PF should apply some rudder to turn, and wait for the aircraft reaction. To stabilize and level the wings, anticipate by releasing the rudder pedals.
A red "MAN PITCH TRIM ONLY" message appears on the PFD to immediately inform the PF that the mechanical backup is being used.
back-up indication on PFD
ABNORMAL ATTITUDES
Applicable to: ALL
If the aircraft is, for any reason, far outside the normal flight envelope and reaches an abnormal attitude, the normal controls are modified and provide the PF with maximum efficiency in regaining normal attitudes. (An example of a typical reason for being far outside the normal flight envelope would be the avoidance a mid-air collision).
The so-called "abnormal attitude" law is :
? Pitch alternate with load factor protection (without autotrim)
? Lateral direct law with yaw alternate
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A330/A340 机组训练手册 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual 1(12)
