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Only a little power is needed above thrust idle, in order to get the aircraft moving (N1≈ 40 %). Excessive thrust application can result in exhaust-blast damage or Foreign Object Damage (FOD). Thrust should normally be used symmetrically.
TILLER AND RUDDER PEDALS USE
Pedals control nosewheel steering at low speed (± 6 ° with full pedal deflection). Therefore, on straight taxiways and on shallow turns, the pilot can use the pedals to steer the aircraft, keeping a hand on the tiller. In sharper turns, the pilot must use the tiller.
STEERING TECHNIQUE
The Nosewheel steering is "by-wire" with no mechanical connection between tiller and the nosewheel. The relationship between tiller deflection and nosewheel angle is not linear and the tiller forces are light.
tiller deflection vs nosewheel steering angle
Therefore, the PF should move the tiller smoothly and maintain the tiller's position. Any correction should be small and smooth, and maintained for enough time to enable the pilot to assess the outcome. Being over-active on the tiller will cause uncomfortable oscillations.
On straight taxiways, the aircraft is correctly aligned on the centerline, when the centerline is lined-up between the PFD and ND.
NORMAL OPERATIONS
TAXI
Correctly Following the Centerline
If both pilots act on the tiller or pedals, their inputs are added until the maximum value of the steering angle (programmed within the BSCU) is reached.
When the seating position is correct, the cut-off angle is 20 °, and the visual ground geometry provides an obscured segment of 53 ft (16.15 m). During taxi, a turn must be initiated before an obstacle approaches the obscured segment. This provides both wing and tail clearance, with symmetric thrust and no differential braking.
Asymmetric thrust can be used to initiate a tight turn and to keep the aircraft moving during the turn. If nosewheel lateral skidding occurs while turning, reduce taxi speed or increase turn radius. Avoid stopping the aircraft in a turn, because excessive thrust will be required to start the aircraft moving again.
The flight crew should be aware that the main gear on the inside of a turn will always cut the corner and track inside of the nosewheel track. For this reason, over-steer must be used.
NORMAL OPERATIONS
TAXI
Oversteering technique
When exiting a tight turn, the PF should anticipate the steer out. Additionally, the PF should allow the aircraft to roll forward for a short distance to minimize the stress on the main gears.
In the event that one or more tires is/are deflated on the main landing gear, the maximum permitted steering angle will be limited by the aircraft speed. Therefore, with one tire deflated, the aircraft
speed is limited to 7 kt and nosewheel steering can be used. With two tires deflated, the aircraft speed is limited to 3 kt and nosewheel steering angle should be limited to 30 °.
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A330/A340 机组训练手册 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual 1(39)
