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The results of each technical working group were presented to the plenary session of the workshop. The co-chairs of each working group served as panel members for a discussion of conclusions and recommendations. This report constitutes the findings of the four work groups and their conclusions. (Appendix B is a table that presents the correspondence between working group issues.) The workshop concluded with closing remarks from senior FAA executives. (See Appendix C for the workshop agenda.)
WORKING GROUP FINDINGS
Traffic Flow Management
The free flight concept holds that the design of the present NAS overly constrains user access and operations. It sets out the fundamental directive to identify changes in the NAS that remove restrictions, allowing system users the flexibility to make choices based on business considerations subject to the constraints necessary to ensure safety. In TFM, this directive will have particular significance for developing a functional architecture which describes the roles, responsibilities, and authority for strategic and tactical decision making with respect to system restrictions. In turn, the functional architecture will be influenced by associated requirements for information gathering, use, sources, and distribution.
Human factors should play an integral part in supporting the integration of the automated TFM functional components with the humans that will operate them. The TFM working group defined nine major issues that should be addressed as part of free flight research and development.
Information Collection, Dissemination, Display and Use
Information collection, dissemination, display, and use in TFM was a key issue for discussion in the TFM working group. It was recognized that in order to support meaningful participation by users in TFM, more information sharing and exchange would have to occur at all stages of the decision making process. The types of information required include the following: information necessary to set constraints, information on the constraints, reasons for the constraints, allocation of capacity to users, choices available within the constraints, information necessary to evaluate the choices, intentions of users based on the choices, and feedback on the results of the choice.
Measures and Metrics
The changing patterns of traffic in the system will necessitate new definitions of traffic flow problems and in turn, collection of new information on problem characteristics, locations, and probabilities. Measurement of system capacity, demand, and capacity utilization will undergo significant changes in a free flight environment. Metrics are needed for predictive decision making and TFM performance assessment. This requires development and display of new classes of metrics to provide feedback that can reduce uncertainties before decisions are made and help validate the effectiveness of TFM decisions after they are made.
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ADVANCING FREE FLIGHT THROUGH HUMAN FACTORS(6)
