ADVANCING FREE FLIGHT THROUGH HUMAN FACTORS
EPORT
R
PURPOSE
This report describes the results of the Advancing Free Flight Through Human Factors technical workshop held on June 20 and 21, 1995. The purpose of this technical workshop was to begin the process of identifying and solving human factors issues related to a new aviation concept called "free flight."
BACKGROUND
After the U.S. airline industry was deregulated in 1978, air carriers began lobbying for more fuel efficient routing and fewer air traffic control imposed delays. International pressure crystallized in 1991 when the U.S. adopted the ICAO FANS concept. The pressure to reduce constraints in the National Airspace System reached a crescendo in 1993 with the Airline Commission Report. Several air carriers and aviation associations, particularly the Air Transport Association (ATA) called for a new approach and labeled it "free flight." The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) joined with the aviation industry under the auspices of an RTCA select committee to define “free flight.” The committee defined free flight as:
A safe and efficient flight operating capability under instrument flight rules (IFR) in which operators have the freedom to select their path and speed in real time. Air traffic restrictions are only imposed to ensure separation, to preclude exceeding airport capacity, to prevent unauthorized flight through special use airspace, and to ensure safety of flight. Restrictions are limited in extent and duration to correct the identified problem. Any activity which removes restrictions represents a move toward free flight.
The select committee also prescribed free flight as a concept encompassing a real time air traffic management triad: People, Procedures, and Technologies. The long range changes envisioned by the RTCA select committee to move the system toward free flight will involve the human as the most critical element in the use of new technologies, equipment, and procedures. These changes will, in turn, necessitate a "new way of doing business" for both the FAA and the aviation industry with organizational, staffing, job design, training, communication, and other implications. In addition, the RTCA report identifies several issues which must be dealt with for free flight to be successful. Four of these issues were identified by the Director of Air Traffic Requirements (ATR-1) and the Chief Scientific and Technical Advisor for Human Factors (AAR-100) as critically related to human factors:
. What are the human factors considerations?
. What modeling and analysis effort is necessary to ensure safety?
. How will the FAA and users coordinate development and accommodate evolving technologies and new requirements? 中国航空网 www.aero.cn 航空翻译 www.aviation.cn 本文链接地址：ADVANCING FREE FLIGHT THROUGH HUMAN FACTORS(4)
