10.2.5 Flight Data Recorder (FDR)
In countries where airworthiness authorities do not establish a requirement for fitment of an FDR, OGP considers that fitment is highly desirable in those aircraft for which proven systems are avail-able.
10.2.6 High Intensity Strobe Lights (HISLs)
Conspicuity of aircraft is significantly increased by the fitment and use of HISLs or equivalent for-ward recognition/pulse lights. These, generally white strobe lights, as distinct from the routinely fitted red anti-collision beacons, provide particular benefit when operations take place under VFR in congested airspace. They are an added benefit when lookout has to be shared between general surveillance and a particular task. Because of their intensity, restrictions should be placed on their use on the ground.
It would not be practical to insist on this equipment in remote areas, where visibility is almost unlimited and traffic is of low density. However, in congested airspace they are considered essential particularly at the lower levels where vertical separation and visibility is often reduced and radar surveillance may be poor or non-existent.
Accordingly, OGP recommends that HISLs should be fitted for flights within Europe and where low level VFR flying takes place in and around built-up areas or on other high collision risk opera-tions such as aerial pipeline patrols. Areas of uncertainty should be referred to OGP Members’ avia-tion advisors.
10.2.7 Ground Proximity Warning Systems (GPWS)
Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) is responsible for a large proportion of accidents and OGP considers the fitment of GPWS or equivalent Terrain Awareness Warning System (TAWS) as highly desirable in those aircraft for which proven systems are available. It is essential that clear instructions and procedural guidance for crews on their response to the various GPWS alerts be laid down in Operations Manuals and/or Standing Operating Procedures. EGPWS is an enhanced version of GPWS.
10.2.8 Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)
Airborne collision avoidance systems (ACAS) are commonly referred to as TCAS or Traffic Alert & Collision Avoidance Systems.
An airborne collision avoidance system should be considered for fitment to all new long-term OGP Member Company aircraft contracts, particularly in high density areas or where radar coverage is limited.
10.2.9 Flight data analysis
Flight data analysis is variously known as Operational Flight Data Monitoring (OFDM), in its application to fixed-wing aircraft, and Helicopter Operational Monitoring Programme (HOMP) in rotary wing application.
The system enables air operators to identify, quantify, assess and address operational risks. It is com-patible with a pro-active Safety Management System where it can provide assurance that safety levels are being met or improved.
OGP has supported the development of the HOMP and recommends these system be considered on all new aircraft long-term contracts, where available for the aircraft model.
10.2.10 Survival kit
A survival kit, suitable for the area of operation, is to be carried on flights, which are planned to over fly hostile terrain, including offshore operations. See Appendix 7.
10.2.11 Hand-held microphones
In some regions, intercom systems are rarely found in aeroplanes, and the use of hand-held micro-phones is widespread. This practice is not recommended even in the case of two-crew aircraft and the use of headsets is preferred. All single-pilot operated aircraft should be equipped with headsets and control column mounted transmission switches.
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