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engaged, it will deviate above the descent path to decelerate. (VDEV becomes positive on
the progress page).
The flight plan page displays an immediate exit prompt.
If the pilot presses the key next to “IMM EXIT”, before arriving at the holding fix, the aircraft
will not enter the holding pattern, but will resume its phase-related managed-speed profile.
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
AUTO FLIGHT - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
FLIGHT PLANNING - LATERAL FUNCTIONS
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After reaching the hold entry fix
The aircraft enters the hold. The MCDU HOLD page displays the associated holding data :
‐ The inbound course (INB CRS),
‐ The TURN direction (L or R),
‐ The TIME/DIST,
‐ The LAST EXIT time and the associated fuel to reach the alternate airport with no extra
fuel.
The FMS assumes that the aircraft will fly one turn of the holding pattern, and revises the
predictions accordingly.
Note: The LAST EXIT time information is computed independently from the MIN DEST
FOB value, and may give different results.
When the holding pattern is defined by a leg time (and not a leg distance), the system revises
the size of the hold as a function of the target speed :
‐ If managed speed is active, the system uses the predicted holding speed to calculate the
size of the holding pattern.
‐ If the selected speed is active, the system uses the target speed selected by the flight crew
at the entry fix sequencing to calculate the size of the holding pattern.
‐ The VDEV displayed on the primary flight display and the PROG page, when the aircraft
is flying in the HM (hold pattern with manual termination), is the difference between the
aircraft’s current altitude, and the altitude at which it should be, when it reaches the hold
exit fix in order to be correctly positioned on the descent path.
With IMM EXIT pressed (aircraft in the holding pattern)
The predictions and guidance assume that the aircraft is immediately returning to the hold fix.
Sequencing the hold fix, the aircraft exits the holding pattern and resumes its navigation. The
flight plan page displays “RESUME HOLD*”, instead of “IMM EXIT*”.
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
AUTO FLIGHT - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
FLIGHT PLANNING - LATERAL FUNCTIONS
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HOLD EXIT PROCEDURE
Position (1) If “IMM EXIT” pressed, the aircraft will exit at the next fix overfly.
Position (2) If “IMM EXIT” pressed, the aircraft will make an immediate turn to the fix where the
hold will be exited.
If managed speed is active, the computer sets the target speed to the applicable speed of the
current phase (for example, speed constraint, ECON speed, or speed limit).
The computer then bases its predictions on the assumption that the flight will continue on the
descent path, if the aircraft is in descent.
If DES mode is engaged, the following applies :
The holding pattern is never included ‐ in the descent path computation.
‐ The flight crew cannot enter altitude and speed constraints at the hold exit fix. (This is only
allowed at the hold entry fix).
‐ The vertical guidance in the HM, during the descent phase, calls for a constant –1 000 ft/min.
But the computer considers altitude constraints that will take effect farther down the flight
path, as it calculates vertical guidance and predictions. The system will not allow the aircraft
to descend below the next altitude constraint, neither to the FCU selected altitude. If the
aircraft reaches the next altitude constraint, it will level off and the altitude constraint mode will
engage.
With RESUME HOLD pressed
If the flight crew presses the key next to “RESUME HOLD”, the aircraft remains in the holding
pattern, and “IMM EXIT” is displayed again.
After that, each time the aircraft flies over the holding fix, the system updates the predictions
for one more holding circuit.
HOLDING PATTERN ENTRIES
The FMGS offers three types of entry into holding patterns :
1. Direct entry
2. Teardrop entry
3. Parallel entry
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
AUTO FLIGHT - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
FLIGHT PLANNING - LATERAL FUNCTIONS
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FCOM 19 AUG 10
1. The direct entry
2. The teardrop entry
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
AUTO FLIGHT - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
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A320机组操作手册FLIGHT CREW OPERATING MANUAL 1(96)
