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A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
AUTO FLIGHT - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE - OPTIMIZATION
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OPTIMUM TARGET SPEED FOR CLIMB, CRUISE AND DESCENT (ECON SPD/MACH)
The FMGS computes the optimum target speed (ECON SPD/MACH) as a function of:
‐ Cost index (CI)
‐ Cruise flight level (CRZ FL)
‐ Gross weight (GW)
‐ Wind and temperature models
‐ Performance factor.
The computer processes the ECON SPDs for the climb and descent phases before the initiation of
the flight phase, and freezes the values once the flight phase becomes active.
When there is no time or speed constraint/limit, ECON SPEED is the optimum speed for the
selected cost index. It refers to fuel and time cost and not directly to fuel saving.
The FM calculates ECON CLB, ECON DES and the associated top of climb and top of descent as
a function of cost index, cruise FL, and meteo data.
The computer continually updates ECON CRUISE MACH (SPD), taking into account current
weather conditions and modifications to the flight plan.
Note: If the cruise FL is below FL 250, ECON CRUISE SPEED is computed.
If the cruise FL is above FL 250, ECON CRUISE MACH is computed.
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
AUTO FLIGHT - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE - OPTIMIZATION
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PRESET TARGET SPEED FOR CLB PHASE
The flight crew can preselect the climb speed before the CLB phase begins, by inserting a
speed in the PRESEL field:
The active mode field changes from MANAGED to SELECTED, and the FM will use the entered
speed for climb predictions computation.
The flight crew can revert to managed mode by pressing the 3L key.
PRESET TARGET SPEED/MACH FOR DES PHASE
The flight crew can change the speed and/or Mach displayed in the MANAGED field, before the
DES phase begins by inserting a speed and/or Mach in the MANAGED field.
Although the entered speed is chosen by the flight crew, the FMGS uses it to compute the
descent flight path and top of descent. It is therefore part of the managed descent profile.
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
AUTO FLIGHT - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE - OPTIMIZATION
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The flight crew can revert to the optimum speed/Mach by clearing the 3L field.
OPTIMUM FLIGHT LEVEL
The optimum flight level (OPT FL) indicates the most economic flight level for a given cost index,
weight, weather data. It is continuously updated in flight. It ensures a 15 min minimum cruise time.
The OPT FL is a compromise between fuel and time saving. As a result, the flight crew may
observe jumps in OPT FL due to GW, ISA, or wind changes. The computation of the OPT FL
considers the wind entries made at the different altitudes (normally at the different CRZ FL).
When flying the subsequent CRZ FL, the OPT FL proposed by the PROG page may be affected
by the wind entries made at the previous CRZ FL; these winds are automatically propagated and
may be significantly different from the actual winds.
Note: For simplification purposes, the FCOM/QRH gives the OPT FL at a given Mach number.
It does not consider the cost index, therefore the FMGS and the FCOM/QRH values are
different.
FM displays OPT FL on the PROG page. The PROG page displays dashes for this quantity when
the system detects an engine-out condition.
A318/A319/A320/A321 FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING MANUAL
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
AUTO FLIGHT - FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE - OPTIMIZATION
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FCOM 19 AUG 10
OPTIMUM DESCENT PATH
The vertical flight path is computed to minimize fuel consumption, while satisfying the various
altitude constraints and the descent speed profile, in order to reach VAPP at 1 000 ft.
The computer calculates the descent profile before the descent phase is initiated, taking into
account:
‐ All lateral and vertical flight plan data
‐ The descent and approach winds, as inserted into the DESCENT WIND page and PERF APPR
page, and the required maximum cabin rate of descent.
During descent, the descent profile is updated only if the flight plan is modified, or if data for the
APPR phase (WIND, VAPP, or LDG CONF) are changed.
OPTIMIZATION
Applicable to:
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The FMGC minimizes cost by optimizing the following items:
‐ Takeoff, approach, and go-around speeds (F, S, Green Dot, VAPP)
‐ Target speed for CLB, CRZ and DES phases (ECON SPD/MACH)
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A320机组操作手册FLIGHT CREW OPERATING MANUAL 1(118)
