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• A/THR: Adds thrust to maintain the speed above VLS
• Low energy warning "SPEED SPEED SPEED": Enhances PF awareness
• ALPHA FLOOR: Provides TOGA thrust
• HIGH AOA protection: Provides maximum aerodynamic lift
• Automatic speedbrake retraction: Minimizes drag.
OPERATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS:
When flying at alpha max, the PF can make gentle turns, if necessary.
The PF must not deliberately fly the aircraft in alpha protection, except for brief periods, when
maximum maneuvering speed is required.
If alpha protection is inadvertently entered, the PF must exit it as quickly as possible, by easing
the sidestick forward to reduce the angle-of-attack, while simultaneously adding power (if alpha
floor has not yet been activated, or has been cancelled). If alpha floor has been triggered, it
must be cancelled with the instinctive disconnect pushbutton (on either thrust lever), as soon as
a safe speed is resumed.
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A330/A340 FLEET OP-020 P 13/16
FCTM 17 JUN 09
In case of GPWS/SHEAR:
• Set the thrust levers to TOGA
• Pull the sidestick to full aft (For shear, fly the SRS, until full aft sidestick).
• Initially maintain the wings level
This immediately provides maximum lift/maximum thrust/minimum drag. Therefore, CFIT
escape maneuvers will be much more efficient.
CFIT ESCAPE MANOEUVRES ON PROTECTED AND NON PROTECTED AIRCRAFT
The above-illustrated are typical trajectories flown by all protected or not protected aircraft,
when the PF applies the escape procedure after an aural " GPWS PULL UP" alert.
The graph demonstrates the efficiency of the protection, to ensure a duck-under that is 50 %
lower, a bucket-distance that is 50 % shorter, a safety margin that more than doubles (due to
a quicker reaction time), and a significant altitude gain (± 250 ft). These characteristics are
common to all protected aircraft, because the escape procedure is easy to achieve, and enables
the PF to fly the aircraft at a constant AOA, close to the max AOA. It is much more difficult to fly
the stick shaker AOA on an aircraft that is not protected.
MECHANICAL BACKUP
Applicable to: , , , , , , , , , , , ,
The purpose of the mechanical backup is to achieve all safety objectives in MMEL dispatch
condition: To manage a temporary and total electrical loss, the temporary loss of five fly-by-wire
computers, the loss of both elevators, or the total loss of ailerons and spoilers.
It must be noted that it is very unlikely that the mechanical backup will be used, due to the
fly-by-wire architecture. For example, in case of electrical emergency configuration, or an all-engine
flameout, alternate law remains available.
In the unlikely event of such a failure, mechanical backup enables the PF to safely stabilize the
aircraft, using the rudder and manual pitch trim, while reconfiguring the systems.
In such cases, the objective is not to fly the aircraft accurately, but to maintain the aircraft attitude
safe and stabilized, in order to allow the restoration of lost systems.
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A330/A340 FLEET OP-020 P 14/16
FCTM 17 JUN 09
The pitch trim wheel is used to control pitch. Any action on the pitch trim wheel should be applied
smoothly, because the THS effect is significant due to its large size.
The rudder provides lateral control, and induces a significant roll with a slight delay. The PF should
apply some rudder to turn, and wait for the aircraft reaction. To stabilize and level the wings,
anticipate by releasing the rudder pedals.
A red "MAN PITCH TRIM ONLY" message appears on the PFD to immediately inform the PF that
the mechanical backup is being used.
back-up indication on PFD
BACKUP
Applicable to: , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , ,
The purpose of the backup is to achieve all safety objectives in MMEL dispatch condition: To
manage a temporary and total electrical loss, the temporary loss of five fly-by-wire computers, the
loss of both elevators, or the total loss of ailerons and spoilers.
It must be noted that it is very unlikely that the backup will be used, due to the fly-by-wire
architecture. For example, in case of electrical emergency configuration, or an all-engine flameout,
alternate law remains available.
In the unlikely event of such a failure, backup enables the PF to safely stabilize the aircraft, using the
rudder and manual pitch trim, while reconfiguring the systems.
In such cases, the objective is not to fly the aircraft accurately, but to maintain the aircraft attitude
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A330/A340机组训练手册FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL(9)
