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OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A330/A340 FLEET OP-020 P 5/16
FCTM 17 JUN 09
TWO-ENGINE FAILURE
Applicable to: , , , , , , , , , , , ,
In the case of a two-engine failure during go-around, the aircraft speed will most probably be below
VMCL-2. In this case, even with full rudder pedal, the PF will not be able to center the Beta Target,
because the rudder is less efficient at such a low speed. This is a good indication that the PF should
accelerate. Furthermore, this indication is enhanced by a VLS increase on the PFD, and by a pitch
down order of the FD bars in SRS mode.
ALTERNATIVE LAW
Applicable to: ALL
In some double failure cases, the integrity and redundancy of the computers and of the peripherals
are not sufficient to achieve normal law and associated protections. System degradation is
progressive, and will evolve according to the availability of remaining peripherals or computers.
In addition, depending on the type of failure, the control law may either be Alternate 1 or Alternate 2.
Alternate law characteristics (usually triggered in case of a dual failure):
• In pitch: same as normal law
• In roll: Same as in normal law (ALTN1), or Roll Direct (ALTN2)
• In yaw: Same as in normal law (ALTN1), or degraded (ALTN2)
• Most protections are lost, except :
‐ Load factor protection
‐ Bank angle protection, if normal roll is still available (ALTN1 only).
At the flight envelope limit, the aircraft is not protected:
• In high speed, natural aircraft static stability is restored with an overspeed warning
• In low speed (at a speed threshold that is below VLS), the automatic pitch trim stops, and natural
longitudinal static stability is restored, with a stall warning at 1.03 VS1G.
In certain failure cases, such as the loss of VS1G computation or the loss of two ADRs, the
longitudinal static stability cannot be restored at low speed. In the case of a loss of three ADRs, it
cannot be restored at high speed.
In alternate law, VMO/MMO settings are reduced (see ECAM indications here after), and α FLOOR
is inhibited.
OPERATIONAL RECOMMENDATION
The handling characteristics within the normal flight envelope, are identical in pitch with normal
law.
Outside the normal flight envelope, the PF must take appropriate preventive actions to avoid losing
control, and/or avoid high speed excursions. These actions are the same as those that would be
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A330/A340 FLEET OP-020 P 6/16
FCTM 17 JUN 09
applied in any case where non protected aircraft (e.g. in case of stall warning: add thrust, reduce
pitch, check speedbrakes retracted).
DIRECT LAW
Applicable to: ALL
In most triple failure cases, direct law triggers. When this occurs:
• Elevator deflection is proportional to stick deflection. Maximum deflection depends on the
configuration and on the CG
• Aileron and spoiler deflections are proportional to stick deflection, but vary with the aircraft
configuration
• Pitch trim is commanded manually
• Yaw damper and minimum turn coordination are provided.
Handling characteristics are natural, of high-quality aircraft, almost independent of the configuration
and of the CG. Therefore, the aircraft obviously has no protections, no automatic pitch trim, but
overspeed or stall warnings.
OPERATIONAL RECOMMENDATION
The PF must avoid performing large thrust changes, or sudden speedbrake movements,
particularly if the center of gravity is aft. If the speedbrakes are out, and the aircraft has been
re-trimmed, the PF must gently retract the speedbrakes, to give the aircraft time to retrim, and
thereby avoid a large, nose-down trim change.
INDICATIONS
Criteria: 340-300
Applicable to: , , , , , , , , , , , ,
The ECAM and PFD indicate any control law degradation.
ON THE ECAM
In ALTN Law:
FLT CTL ALTN LAW (PROT LOST)
MAX SPEED 305/0.82
In Direct Law:
FLT CTL DIRECT LAW (PROT LOST)
MAX SPEED 305/0.80
MAN PITCH TRIM USE
ON THE PFD
The PFD enhances the PF's awarness of the status of flight controls.
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A330/A340 FLEET OP-020 P 7/16
FCTM 17 JUN 09
Specific symbols (= in green), and specific formatting of low speed information on the speed scale
in normal law, indicate which protections are available.
When protections are lost, amber crosses (X) appear, instead of the green protection symbols (=).
When automatic pitch trim is no longer available, the PFD indicates this with an amber “USE MAN
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A330/A340机组训练手册FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL(6)
