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MODE REVERSIONS
GENERAL
Mode reversions are automatic mode changes that unexpectedly occur, but are designed to
ensure coherent AP, FD, and A/THR operations, in conjunction with flight crew input (or when
entering a F-PLN discontinuity).
For example, a reversion will occur, when the flight crew:
• Changes the FCU ALT target in specific conditions
• Engages a mode on one axis, that will automatically disengage the associated mode on the
other axis
• Manually flies the aircraft with the FD on, but does not follow the FD orders, which leads to
the aircraft to the limits of the flight envelope.
Due to the unexpected nature of their occurrence, the FMA should be closely-monitored for
mode reversions.
FLIGHT CREW CHANGE OF FCU ALT TARGET ▸ ACTIVE VERTICAL MODE NOT
POSSIBLE
FCU change resulting reversion to VS mode
This reversion to the V/S (FPA) mode on the current V/S target does not modify the pitch
behaviour of the aircraft.
It is the flight crew’s responsibility to change it as required.
FLIGHT CREW HDG OR TRK MODE ENGAGEMENT ▸ DISENGAGEMENT OF ASSOCIATED
MODE ON THE VERTICAL AXIS
This reversion is due to the integration of the AP, FD, and A/THR with the FMS.
When the flight crew defines a F-PLN, the FMS considers this F-PLN as a whole (lateral +
vertical). :
Therefore, the AP will guide the aircraft along the entire F-PLN
• Along the LAT F-PLN (NAV – APP NAV modes)
• Along the VERT F-PLN (CLB – DES – FINAL modes).
Vertical managed modes can only be used, if the lateral managed NAV mode is used. If the
flight crew decides to divert from the lateral F-PLN, the autopilot will no longer guide the aircraft
along the vertical F-PLN.
Therefore, in climb:
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
AP / FD / ATHR
A330/A340 FLEET OP-030 P 12/14
FCTM 17 JUN 09
Lateral mode change and vertical mode reversion
In descent:
Lateral mode change and vertical mode reversion
This reversion to V/S (FPA) mode on the current V/S target does not modify the pitch behavior
of the aircraft. It is the flight crew’s responsibility to adapt pitch, if necessary.
THE AIRCRAFT ENTERS A F-PLN DISCONTINUITY
NAV mode is lost, when entering a F-PLN discontinuity. On the lateral axis, the aircraft reverts
to HDG (or TRK) mode. On the vertical axis, the same reversion (as the one indicated above)
occurs.
THE PF MANUALLY FLIES THE AIRCRAFT WITH THE FD ON, AND DOES NOT FOLLOW
THE FD PITCH ORDERS
If the flight crew does not follow the FD pitch orders, an A/THR mode reversion occurs. This
reversion is effective, when the A/THR is in THRUST MODE (THR IDLE, THR CLB), and the
aircraft reaches the limits of the speed envelope (VLS, VMAX):
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
AP / FD / ATHR
A330/A340 FLEET OP-030 P 13/14
FCTM 17 JUN 09
Reversion to speed mode
A/THR in SPEED mode automatically readjusts thrust to regain the target speed. The FD bars
will disappear, because they are not being followed by the PF.
TRIPLE CLICK
Applicable to: ALL
The "triple click" is an aural alert. It is an attention-getter, designed to draw the flight crew's attention
to the FMA.
The PFD FMA highlights a mode change or reversion with a white box around the new mode, and
the pulsing of its associated FD bar.
The reversions, described in the previous paragraph, are also emphasized via the triple click aural
alert.
Note: The triple click also appears in the following, less usual, cases:
• SRS ▸ CLB (OP CLB) reversion: If, the flight crew selects a speed on the FCU
• The V/S selection is "refused" during ALT*: The flight crew pulls the V/S knob, while in
ALT*
• The V/S target is not followed, because the selected target is too high, and leads to
VLS/VMAX.
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
AP / FD / ATHR
Intentionally left blank
A330/A340 FLEET OP-030 P 14/14
FCTM 17 JUN 09
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
ECAM
A330/A340 FLEET OP-040 P 1/10
FCTM 17 JUN 09
PURPOSE OF THE ECAM
Applicable to: ALL
The Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring (ECAM) system is a main component of Airbus’
two-crewmember cockpit, which also takes the "dark cockpit" and "forward-facing crew" philosophies
into account.
The purpose of the ECAM is to:
• Display aircraft system information
• Monitor aircraft systems
• Indicate required flight crew actions, in most normal, abnormal and emergency situations.
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A330/A340机组训练手册FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL(14)
