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FCTM 17 JUN 09
INTRODUCTION
Applicable to: ALL
The Airbus cockpit is designed to achieve pilot operational needs throughout the aircraft operating
environment, while ensuring maximum commonality within the Fly byWire family. The cockpit design
objectives are driven by three criteria:
• Reinforce the safety of flight
• Improve efficiency of flight
• Answer pilot requirements in a continuously changing environment
Airbus operational rules result from the design concept, more particularly from the following systems:
• The Fly by wire system with its control laws and protections, commanded through the side stick,
• An integrated Auto Flight System comprising:
The ‐ FMS interfaced through the MCDU
‐ The AP/FD interfaced through the FCU,
‐ The A/THR interfaced through the non back driven thrust levers,
‐ The FMA, providing Guidance targets and Information, to monitor the AFS
• A set of Display units (DU) providing information and parameters required by the crew
‐ To operate and to navigate the aircraft (the EFIS)
‐ To communicate (the DCDU)
‐ To manage the aircraft systems (the ECAM)
‐ FMA interface to provide Guidance targets and information to monitor the AFS/FD
• A Forward Facing Cockpit Layout with "Lights out" or "Dark Cockpit" concept assisting the crew
to properly control the various aircraft systems.
The operational rules applicable to these specific features are given in the other sections of this
chapter.
OPERATIONAL GOLDEN RULES
Applicable to: ALL
1. The aircraft can be flown like any other aircraft
2. Fly, navigate, communicate - in that order
3. One head up at all times
4. Cross check the accuracy of the FMS
5. Know your FMA at all times
6. When things don’t go as expected - take over
7. Use the proper level of automation for the task
8. Practice task sharing and back-up each other
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
INTRODUCTION
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A330/A340 FLEET OP-010 P 2/2
FCTM 17 JUN 09
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A330/A340 FLEET OP-020 P 1/16
FCTM 17 JUN 09
INTRODUCTION
Applicable to: ALL
The relationship between the Pilot Flying’s (PF’s) input on the sidestick, and the aircraft’s response,
is referred to as control law. This relationship determines the handling characteristics of the aircraft.
There are three sets of control laws, and they are provided according to the status of the: Computers,
peripherals, and hydraulic generation.
The three sets of control laws are:
• Normal law
• Alternate law
• Direct law.
NORMAL LAW
Applicable to: ALL
OBJECTIVES
The aim of normal law is to provide the following handling characteristics within the normal flight
envelope (regardless of aircraft speed, altitude, gross weight and CG):
• Aircraft must be stable and maneuverable
• The same response must be consistently obtained from the aircraft
• The Actions on the sidestick must be balanced in pitch and in roll.
The normal law handling characteristics, at the flight envelope limit are:
• The PF has full authority to achieve Maximum aircraft Performance
• The PF can have instinctive/immediate reaction, in the event of an emergency
• There is a reduced possibility of overcontrolling or overstressing the aircraft.
Normal Law is the law that is most commonly available, and it handles single failures.
CHARACTERISTICS IN PITCH
IN FLIGHT
When the PF performs sidestick inputs, a constant G-load maneuver is ordered, and the aircraft
responds with a G-Load/Pitch rate. Therefore, the PF’s order is consistent with the response
that is "naturally" expected from the aircraft: Pitch rate at low speed; Flight Path Rate or G, at
high speed.
A330/A340 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A330/A340 FLEET OP-020 P 2/16
FCTM 17 JUN 09
So, if there is no input on the stick:
• The aircraft maintains the flight path, even in case of speed changes
• In case of configuration changes or thrust variations, the aircraft compensates for the pitching
moment effects
• In turbulence, small deviations occur on the flight path. However, the aircraft tends to regain a
steady condition.
AIRBUS PITCH CHARACTERISTIC
Operational Recommendation:
Since the aircraft is stable and auto-trimmed, the PF needs to perform minor corrections on
the sidestick, if the aircraft deviates from its intended flight path.
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A330/A340机组训练手册FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL(4)
