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provides an estimated 35 percent to 40 percent reduction in fuel consumption, better air pressurization
performance on hot days, higher electrical output and reduced noise levels. Mounted in the rear fuselage, the APU
supplies pressurized air for air conditioning and engine starting while the airplane is on the ground, plus electrical
power to operate lights and other requirements during stops. The new APU can also be retrofitted to earlier 747s.
The 747-400 is available in passenger, combi, freighter and domestic configurations. The 747-400 Combi is two
airplanes in one, carrying both passengers (forward) and cargo (aft) on the main deck. The 747-400 Freighter is
the largest commercial cargo transport in service, and the 747-400 Domestic is a high-capacity (568 passengers)
airplane that incorporates structural improvements to accommodate the increased takeoff and landing cycles of
short-range operations. Because it does not need the drag-reducing capabilities of the 747-400's longer wing and
winglet, the 747-400 Domestic uses the same wings as the 747-100, -200 and -300 models.
3
BOEING 747-400 Jumbo Jet
747-400M Mixed Passenger-Freighter Combi
Since its introduction in 1975, the Boeing 747 Combi has helped airlines around the world meet their long-range
passenger and cargo requirements. The combi has a large side-cargo door behind the left wing, plus equipment that
removes passenger seats and installs cargo tracks, giving airlines the option of carrying cargo in containers on the
main deck behind passengers. This flexibility allows airlines to adapt the interior configuration to meet variations
in seasonal markets and charter demands.
Another reason for the combi's popularity is that it can be scheduled through an airport with the same turnaround
time as any other passenger 747. Cargo operations do not interfere with passenger service, because main-deck
cargo loading occurs in an area of the airplane where normally there is no activity. This simultaneous
passenger-and-cargo-loading/unloading operation is possible because of the stability allowed by the fore and aft
arrangement of the wing and body landing gear.
The large side-cargo door on the main deck allows cargo loading in the aft section at the same time passengers are
boarded in the forward section. A locked partition separates the passenger compartment from the cargo area,
accessible only by the crew. Roller trays on the 747's aft floor facilitate loading of 8-foot-wide (2.4 m)
containers, or pallets, up to 20 feet long (6.1 m). The airplane's main deck can accommodate any container or
pallet used in the aviation industry today in lengths of up to 20 feet (6.1 m).
The combi can handle large volume shipments such as automobiles, small boats, heavy machinery, drilling
equipment and even small aircraft or helicopters. Environmental control in the cargo area allows transportation of
live animals, perishable foods and cut flowers/vegetables, while maintaining separate environmental control of the
passenger cabin. The 747-400 Combi incorporates additional fire protection, a two-crew digital flight deck,
advanced engines, wingtip extension with winglet and new interiors.
The first customer for the 747-400M Combi was KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. The stretched upper deck of the
747-300 and 747-400 Combis can accommodate 44 more passengers than the standard 747-200 Combi. The
747-400 Combi is currently the only combi in production.
More than 30 customers operate a total of 144 747 Combis, including 58 747-400 Combis.
747-400F Freighter
The new-technology Boeing 747-400 Freighter is the all-cargo transport member of the 747-400 family. It can
carry more cargo farther than any other commercial jet freighter, with the lowest operating cost per ton-mile.
All of the advances introduced in the new 747-400 passenger version are available in the all-cargo configuration.
The -400 Freighter can carry 124 tons (113,000 kg) of cargo more than 4,400 nautical miles. An additional 26
tons of payload or 1,200 nautical-mile range is possible compared to the 747-200 Freighter. The new model burns
10 to 16 percent less fuel than the earlier model, due to more fuel-efficient engines and larger wings.
Advanced materials allow considerable structural weight reductions, improved damage tolerance and fatigue
resistance throughout both the freighter and passenger models of the 747-400.
The two-crew flight deck and reduced maintenance costs for avionics and engines provide further savings in direct
operating costs.
The 747-400F has the same upper deck as the -200F. However, the upper-deck floor was revised to make room
for two additional 10-foot-high (3.1 m) pallets on the main deck.
By relocating the upper-deck access ladder and revising guide rails and tie-down equipment, Boeing created an
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