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ALUMINIUM IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLES CHAPTER II ALUMINIUM IN TRANSPORT 8 | 9
Today, 1000 high-speed passenger
ships are in service, most of
them have a structure and
superstructure made of aluminium.
Cruise ship superstructures
are commonly made of
aluminium, while over half of all
yachts are completely made out
of aluminium.
These ships take full advantage
of aluminium’s lightness and
strength, as well as its corrosionresistance,
an indispensable property
for marine environments.
Cruise ship with aluminium superstructure
Catamaran UAI 50 (Babcock)
9
EUROPEAN ALUMINIUM ASSOCIATION
In the 1980s, aluminium
emerged as the metal of choice
to lower running costs and to
improve acceleration of metros,
tramways, intercity and high
speed trains. In 1996, the TGV
Duplex train was introduced,
transporting 40% more passengers
while weighing 12% less
than the single deck version, all
thanks to its aluminium structure.
Today, aluminium metros
and trams operate in many cities
and aluminium trains are used
all over the world.
TGV Duplex (Alstom-SNCF)
10
ALUMINIUM IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLES CHAPTER II ALUMINIUM IN TRANSPORT 10 | 11
The average volume of aluminium
used in passenger cars
was already 131kg in 2005.
The same year, one car in every
four produced in Europe had an
aluminium bonnet and around
one third of European cars were
already equipped with aluminium
bumper systems.
Aluminium bonnet
Aluminium bumper system prepared for crash test
In 1899, a small sports car with
an aluminium body was unveiled
at the Berlin international car
exhibition. In 1948, Land Rover
started using aluminium outer
skin sheets.
Today, besides well-known aluminium-
intensive cars like the
Audi A8, many cars contain significant
amounts of aluminium.
11
EUROPEAN ALUMINIUM ASSOCIATION
1910
1930
1950
1976
TODAY
Having made its debut in Parisian
buses in 1910, aluminium was
used for a variety of elements in
commercial vehicles in the 1930s.
The 1950s saw the first aluminium
tankers, vans and tipping
vehicles. Today, most tankers and
silo semi-trailers are made entirely
of aluminium. It is also frequently
used for vans, tipping or self-discharging
bodies and a multitude
of components. Considering
today’s European fleet, aluminium
saves on average 800kg per articulated
vehicle.
First aluminium parts
in Parisian buses
2. Evolution of commercial vehicles
12
ALUMINIUM IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLES CHAPTER II ALUMINIUM IN TRANSPORT 12 | 13
The key concern of transport
companies is profitability.
The rising diesel price and the
investment in new engine technologies
increase costs, while it
is hard to increase transport
prices due to the high competition
between operators.
Any investment must therefore
have a very short payback time.
Consequently, vehicle manufacturers
must constantly improve
their performance at minimum
costs. The choice of a material
will therefore depend on its
price, its mechanical properties
and its impact on vehicle production
costs.
From a society point of view,
energy efficiency, reduction of
greenhouse gases and road
safety are in the priority list of
European authorities.
Chapter III explains how aluminium
helps to take up these
challenges.
4. Today’s
concerns
3. Aluminium applications
and weight savings
Some examples…
Components for tractors
& rigid trucks
- cabin & door: -200kg
- chassis: -350kg
- powertrain parts: -125kg
- suspension parts: -110kg
Complete superstructures
- rigid body: 90m2 = -800kg
- tipping body: -800 to -2200kg
- ADR fuel tank: 43000l = -1100kg
- self-discharging body
- silo
Components
for superstructure
- curtain rails: 2x13.5m = -100kg
- front wall: -85kg
- rear door: -85kg
- side boards: 600mm = -240kg
- stanchions: 10x600mm = -50kg
- reefer floor
Safety parts
- front bumpers : -15kg
- rear bumpers : -15kg
- side bumpers : -20kg
- front and rear under-run
protections
Trailers sub-structures
- chassis: 13.5m = -700kg
- chassis: 6m = -300kg
- chassis+floor: 13,5m = -1100kg
- legs: -35kg
Accessories
- air pressure vessels:
6x60l = -54kg
- diesel tank: 600l = -35kg
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