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further flight.
Note: In eliminating water from an aircraft fuel system, it is important that consideration be
given to the possibility of water lying in portions of the tanks or fuel lines where, because of
the design of the system or the existing attitude of the aircraft, it is not immediately
accessible to a drain point.
5.3 The operator and pilot in command must ensure that, before the
commencement of each day’s flying, all external fuel tank vents are inspected
for freedom from obstruction.
Issue 7: 8 December 2004
Amdt No. 204
SECTION 20.2 -4-
Issue 7
6 FUEL QUANTITY MEASUREMENT
6.1 Aircraft having a maximum take-off weight in excess of 5 700 kg (12 500 lb)
must not commence a flight unless the pilot in command has ensured that the
fuel quantity on board has been checked by two separate methods.
6.2 The cross-check procedures required by paragraph 6.1 must be specified by the
operator, together with the allowable discrepancy which must not exceed 3 per
cent of the higher amount.
Note: Acceptable cross-check methods are:
1. Check of stick gauge (dip, drip, sight) readings against electrical gauge (potentiometer,
capacitor) readings.
2. Having regard to previous readings, a check of stick or electrical gauge readings against
fuel consumed indicator readings.
3. After refuelling and having regard to previous readings, a check of stick or electrical
gauge readings against the refuelling tank measurements.
4. When a series of flights is undertaken by the same crew and refuelling is not carried out
at intermediate stops, cross-checks, other than the first of the day, may be made by
checking the gauge readings against the computed fuel on board.
Note: Where this Civil Aviation Order requires a person or persons to ensure that a certain
action has been satisfactorily completed or that a certain condition prevails, compliance with
the Order will be deemed to have been achieved where the person or persons have referred to
evidence furnished in an approved manner or has personally carried out a physical inspection.
Issue 7: 8 December 2004
Amdt No. 204
CIVIL AVIATION ORDERS
PART 20
SECTION 20.3
Issue 5
AIR SERVICE OPERATIONS
MARSHALLING AND PARKING OF AIRCRAFT
SUBSECTIONS
1 Application
2 Responsibility for Marshalling
and Parking of Aircraft
3 Parking Areas
4 Standard Hand Signals
Appendix I
1 APPLICATION
1.1 This section applies to all aircraft operating at aerodromes established under
the Air Navigation Regulations 1947, aerodromes licensed or authorised under
the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988, and Department of Defence aerodromes
in respect of which an arrangement under section 20 of the Civil Aviation Act
1988 is in force.
2 RESPONSIBILITY FOR MARSHALLING AND PARKING AIRCRAFT
2.1 An operator is responsible for marshalling and parking of the operator’s
aircraft on an aerodrome.
2.2 An operator must ensure that any person designated for marshalling and
parking duties uses the standard hand signals set out in Appendix I.
3 PARKING AREAS
3.1 The aerodrome licence-holder or proprietor, as the case requires, is responsible
for designating parking areas on an aerodrome.
3.2 A person must not park an aircraft outside the areas designated in accordance
with subparagraph 3.1 without permission of the aerodrome licence-holder or
proprietor, as the case may be.
4 STANDARD HAND SIGNALS
4.1 The hand signals set out in Appendix I have the meanings indicated in that
Appendix.
4.2 These signals are to be given as required by persons involved in the parking of
aircraft.
Issue 5: 8 December 2004
Amdt No. 205
SECTION 20.3 -2-
Issue 5
4.3 Pilots in command of aircraft are to comply with all signals so given except
where a pilot in command of an aircraft considers that to do so would
jeopardise the safety of the aircraft or of its passengers or of persons or
property on the ground.
Issue 5: 8 December 2004
Amdt No. 205
-3- SECTION 20.3
Issue 5
APPENDIX I
STANDARD HAND SIGNALS TO BE USED BY GROUND PERSONNEL
MARSHALLING AIRCRAFT
Note 1: These signals are designed for use by the signalman, using lights where necessary, to
facilitate observation by the pilot, and facing the aircraft in a position:
(a) for fixed wing aircraft — forward of the left wing tip within view of the pilot;
and
(b) for helicopters — where the signalman can best be seen by the pilot.
Note 2: The meaning of the relevant signals remains the same if bats, illuminated
wands or torchlights are held.
Note 3: The aircraft engines are numbered, for the signalman facing the aircraft, from
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