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actions may be contained in the Final Reports on investigated
accidents and incidents.
8.7 Recommendation.— If a State, in the analysis of the
information contained in its database, identifies safety matters
considered to be of interest to other States, that State should
forward such safety information to them as soon as possible.
8.8 Recommendation.— In addition to safety recommendations
arising from accident and incident investigations,
safety recommendations may result from diverse
sources, including safety studies. If safety recommendations
are addressed to an organization in another State, they should
also be transmitted to that State’s investigation authority.
Exchange of safety information
8.9 Recommendation.— States should promote the
establishment of safety information sharing networks among
all users of the aviation system and should facilitate the free
exchange of information on actual and potential safety
deficiencies.
Note.— Standardized definitions, classifications and
formats are needed to facilitate data exchange. Guidance
material on the specifications for such information-sharing
networks will be provided by ICAO upon request.
23/11/06
No. 11
ANNEX 13 ATT D-1 1/11/01
ATTACHMENT D. GUIDELINES FOR FLIGHT RECORDER
READ-OUT AND ANALYSIS
Initial response
The aftermath of a major accident is a demanding time for any
State’s investigation authority. One of the immediate items
requiring a decision is where to have the flight recorders read
out and analysed. It is essential that the flight recorders be read
out as early as possible after an accident. Early identification
of problem areas can affect the investigation at the accident
site where evidence is sometimes transient. Early identification
of problem areas may also result in urgent safety recommendations
which may be necessary to prevent a similar
occurrence.
Many States do not have their own facilities for the
playback and analysis of flight recorder information (both
voice and data) and consequently request assistance from other
States. It is essential, therefore, that the accident investigation
authority of the State conducting the investigation make timely
arrangements to read out the flight recorders at a suitable
readout facility.
Choice of facility
The investigating State may request assistance from any State
that, in its opinion, can best serve the investigation. The manufacturer’s
standard replay equipment and playback software,
which is typically used by airlines and maintenance facilities,
is not considered adequate for investigation purposes. Special
recovery and analysis techniques are usually required if the
recorders have been damaged.
Facilities for the read-out of flight recorders should have
the following capabilities:
a) the ability to disassemble and read out recorders that
have sustained substantial damage;
b) the ability to play back the original recording/memory
module without the need for the use of a manufacturer’s
copy device or the recorder housing that was involved in
the accident or incident;
c) the ability to manually analyse the raw binary waveform
from digital tape flight data recorders;
d) the ability to enhance and filter voice recordings
digitally by means of suitable software; and
e) the capability to graphically analyse data, to derive
additional parameters not explicitly recorded, to validate
the data by cross-checking and other analytical methods
to determine data accuracy and limitations.
Participation by the State of Manufacture
(or Design) and the State of the Operator
The State of Manufacture (or Design) has airworthiness
responsibilities and the expertise normally required to read out
and analyse flight recorder information. Since flight recorder
information can often reveal airworthiness problems, the State
of Manufacture (or Design) should have a representative
present when the flight recorder read-out and analysis are
being conducted in a State other than the State of Manufacture
(or Design).
The State of the Operator has regulatory responsibilities
regarding the flight operation and can provide insights into
operational issues which may be specific to the operator. Since
flight recorder information can reveal operational problems,
the State of the Operator should also have a representative
present when the flight recorder read-out and analysis are
being conducted.
Recommended procedures
The flight data recorder and the cockpit voice recorder should
be read out by the same facility, because they contain
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