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terrain. Aircraft operating near transmitter sites
will receive usable FAA FISDL signals at altitudes
lower than 5,000 feet AGL, and in some instances on
the surface, depending on transmitter/aircraft line of
sight geometry. Aircraft operating above 17,500 feet
MSL may also receive usable FAA FISDL signals
under certain circumstances. Aircraft equipment
includes at least an appropriate receiver and display
unit.
1. FAA FISDL provides, free of charge, the
following basic products:
(a) Aviation Routine Weather Reports
(METARs).
(b) Aviation Selected Special Weather
Reports (SPECIs).
(c) Aviation Terminal Forecasts (TAFs), and
their amendments.
(d) Significant Meteorological Information
(SIGMETs).
(e) Convective SIGMETs.
(f) Airman’s Meteorological Information
(AIRMETs).
(g) Pilot Reports (PIREPs) (both urgent and
routine); and,
(h) Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWWs)
issued by the National Weather Service (NWS).
2. The format and coding of these products are
described in Advisory Circular AC−00−45, Aviation
Weather Services, and paragraph 7−1−31, Key to
Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation Routine
Weather Report (METAR).
d. Non−FAA FISDL Systems. Several commercial
providers, not associated with the FAA, provide
FIS using a variety of frequencies and data link
protocols, including two−way data link communications.
Services available from these providers vary
greatly. Operators using non−FAA FISDL for inflight
weather and operational information should ensure
that products providing this information conform to
the FAA/NWS standards.
1. Some commercial providers produce proprietary
weather products based on approved FAA/
NWS weather products without any material changes
to the original FAA/NWS weather information.
These products are referred to as “repackaging.” A
repackaged product contains only formatting and
layout modifications without any material changes to
the original FAA/NWS weather information.
2. Other commercial providers produce analyses,
forecasts, and/or proprietary weather products
that materially alter the information contained in
FAA/NWS weather products. This process and any
limitations of the product should be described in the
provider’s user guidance material. An example
would be a NEXRAD composite or mosaic map,
which has been modified by changing the scaling
resolution. Since that change affects the user’s
interpretation of the displayed data, the methodology
to display the image components should be described
in the provider’s guidance material. This will ensure
the user can accurately interpret the displayed data.
3. To ensure that airmen comply with 14 CFR,
NOTAMs, Special Use Airspace, and other government
flight information, FISDL services should
include the transmission of the original FAA
products. When using unfamiliar products, pilot and
operators should ensure that those products conform
to FAA/NWS technical specifications and/or quality
control standards. Hence, operators and pilots
contemplating using such services should review a
description of services and provider disclosure. This
should include, but is not limited to, the type of
weather product (e.g., current weather or forecast
weather), the currency of the product (i.e., product
issue time), and the relevance of the product.
2/17/05 AIM
Meteorology 7−1−21
7−1−12. Weather Observing Programs
a. Manual Observations. With only a few
exceptions, these reports are from airport locations
staffed by FAA or NWS personnel who manually
observe, perform calculations, and enter these
observations into the (WMSCR) communication
system. The format and coding of these observations
are contained in paragraph 7−1−31, Key to Aviation
Routine Weather Report (METAR) and Aerodrome
Forecasts (TAF).
b. Automated Weather Observing System
(AWOS).
1. Automated weather reporting systems are
increasingly being installed at airports. These
systems consist of various sensors, a processor, a
computer-generated voice subsystem, and a transmitter
to broadcast local, minute-by-minute weather data
directly to the pilot.
NOTE−
When the barometric pressure exceeds 31.00 inches Hg.,
see paragraph 7−2−2, Procedures, for the altimeter setting
procedures.
2. The AWOS observations will include the
prefix “AUTO” to indicate that the data are derived
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