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would start looking for you until 30 minutes after
your ETA at your final destination.
2. If you land at a location other than the
intended destination, report the landing to the nearest
FAA FSS and advise them of your original
destination.
3. If you land en route and are delayed more than
30 minutes, report this information to the nearest FSS
and give them your original destination.
4. If your ETE changes by 30 minutes or more,
report a new ETA to the nearest FSS and give them
your original destination. Remember that if you fail
to respond within one-half hour after your ETA at
final destination, a search will be started to locate you.
5. It is important that you close your flight plan
IMMEDIATELY AFTER ARRIVAL AT YOUR FINAL
DESTINATION WITH THE FSS DESIGNATED
WHEN YOUR FLIGHT PLAN WAS FILED. The pilot
is responsible for closure of a VFR or DVFR flight
plan; they are not closed automatically. This will
prevent needless search efforts.
6. The rapidity of rescue on land or water will
depend on how accurately your position may be
determined. If a flight plan has been followed and
your position is on course, rescue will be expedited.
h. Survival Equipment.
1. For flight over uninhabited land areas, it is
wise to take and know how to use survival equipment
for the type of climate and terrain.
2. If a forced landing occurs at sea, chances for
survival are governed by the degree of crew
proficiency in emergency procedures and by the
availability and effectiveness of water survival
equipment.
i. Body Signal Illustrations.
1. If you are forced down and are able to attract
the attention of the pilot of a rescue airplane, the body
signals illustrated on these pages can be used to
transmit messages to the pilot circling over your
location.
2. Stand in the open when you make the signals.
3. Be sure the background, as seen from the air,
is not confusing.
4. Go through the motions slowly and repeat
each signal until you are positive that the pilot
understands you.
2/19/04 AIM
Emergency Services Available to Pilots 6−2−7
j. Observance of Downed Aircraft.
1. Determine if crash is marked with a yellow
cross; if so, the crash has already been reported and
identified.
2. If possible, determine type and number of
aircraft and whether there is evidence of survivors.
3. Fix the position of the crash as accurately as
possible with reference to a navigational aid. If
possible, provide geographic or physical description
of the area to aid ground search parties.
4. Transmit the information to the nearest FAA
or other appropriate radio facility.
5. If circumstances permit, orbit the scene to
guide in other assisting units until their arrival or until
you are relieved by another aircraft.
6. Immediately after landing, make a complete
report to the nearest FAA facility, or Air Force or
Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Center. The report
can be made by a long distance collect telephone call.
AIM 2/19/04
6−2−8 Emergency Services Available to Pilots
FIG 6−2−1
Ground−Air Visual Code for Use by Survivors
V
X
N
Y
NO. MESSAGE CODE SYMBOL
1 Require assistance
Require medical assistance
No or Negative
Yes or Affirmative
Proceeding in this direction
IF IN DOUBT, USE INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL
INSTRUCTIONS
2
3
4
5
S O S
1. Lay out symbols by using strips of fabric or parachutes, pieces of wood, stones, or any available material.
2. Provide as much color contrast as possible between material used for symbols and background against which symbols are exposed.
3. Symbols should be at least 10 feet high or larger. Care should be taken to lay out symbols exactly as shown.
4. In addition to using symbols, every effort is to be made to attract attention by means of radio, flares, smoke, or other available means.
5. On snow covered ground, signals can be made by dragging, shoveling or tramping. Depressed areas forming symbols will
appear black from the air.
6. Pilot should acknowledge message by rocking wings from side to side.
FIG 6−2−2
Ground−Air Visual Code for use by Ground Search Parties
L L L
L L
X X
N N
NO. MESSAGE CODE SYMBOL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Operrattiion complletted.
We have found all personnel.
We have found only some personnel..
We are not able to continue.
Returning to base.
Have divided into two groups.
Each proceeding in direction indicated.
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