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instruction is issued, the pilot should follow the RA,
even if it conflicts with the climb/descent portion of
the breakout maneuver. If following an RA requires
deviating from an ATC clearance, the pilot shall
advise ATC as soon as practical. While following an
RA, it is extremely important that the pilot also
comply with the turn portion of the ATC breakout
instruction unless the pilot determines safety to be
factor. Adhering to these procedures assures the pilot
that acceptable “breakout” separation margins will
always be provided, even in the face of a normal
procedural or system failure.
5. Breakouts. The probability is extremely
low that an aircraft will “blunder” from its assigned
approach course and enter the NTZ, causing ATC to
“breakout” the aircraft approaching on the adjacent
ILS course. However, because of the close proximity
of the final approach courses, it is essential that pilots
follow the ATC breakout instructions precisely and
expeditiously. The controller’s “breakout” instructions
provide conflict resolution for the threatened
aircraft, with the turn portion of the “breakout” being
the single most important element in achieving
maximum protection. A descending breakout will
only be issued when it is the only controller option. In
no case will the controller descend an aircraft below
the MVA, which will provide at least 1,000 feet
clearance above obstacles. The pilot is not expected
to exceed 1,000 feet per minute rate of descent in the
event a descending breakout is issued.
2/17/05 AIM
Arrival Procedures 5−4−41
5−4−17. Simultaneous Converging
Instrument Approaches
a. ATC may conduct instrument approaches
simultaneously to converging runways; i.e., runways
having an included angle from 15 to 100 degrees, at
airports where a program has been specifically
approved to do so.
b. The basic concept requires that dedicated,
separate standard instrument approach procedures be
developed for each converging runway included.
Missed Approach Points must be at least 3 miles apart
and missed approach procedures ensure that missed
approach protected airspace does not overlap.
c. Other requirements are: radar availability,
nonintersecting final approach courses, precision
(ILS/MLS) approach systems on each runway and, if
runways intersect, controllers must be able to apply
visual separation as well as intersecting runway
separation criteria. Intersecting runways also require
minimums of at least 700 foot ceilings and 2 miles
visibility. Straight in approaches and landings must
be made.
d. Whenever simultaneous converging approaches
are in progress, aircraft will be informed by
the controller as soon as feasible after initial contact
or via ATIS. Additionally, the radar controller will
have direct communications capability with the tower
controller where separation responsibility has not
been delegated to the tower.
5−4−18. Side-step Maneuver
a. ATC may authorize a nonprecision approach
procedure which serves either one of parallel
runways that are separated by 1,200 feet or less
followed by a straight-in landing on the adjacent
runway.
b. Aircraft that will execute a side-step maneuver
will be cleared for a specified nonprecision approach
and landing on the adjacent parallel runway.
Example, “cleared ILS runway 7 left approach,
side-step to runway 7 right.” Pilots are expected to
commence the side-step maneuver as soon as
possible after the runway or runway environment is
in sight.
c. Landing minimums to the adjacent runway will
be based on nonprecision criteria and therefore higher
than the precision minimums to the primary runway,
but will normally be lower than the published circling
minimums.
5−4−19. Approach and Landing Minimums
a. Landing Minimums. The rules applicable to
landing minimums are contained in 14 CFR
Section 91.175. TBL 5−4−1 may be used to convert
RVR to ground or flight visibility. For converting
RVR values that fall between listed values, use the
next higher RVR value; do not interpolate. For
example, when converting 1800 RVR, use 2400 RVR
with the resultant visibility of 1/2 mile.
TBL 5−4−1
RVR Value Conversions
RVR Visibility
(statute miles)
1600 1/4
2400 1/2
3200 5/8
4000 3/4
4500 7/8
5000 1
6000 1 1/4
b. Obstacle Clearance. Final approach obstacle
clearance is provided from the start of the final
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