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surface, upper air, and radar weather observing
program; a nationwide aviation weather forecasting
service; and provides limited pilot briefing service
(interpretational). The majority of pilot weather
briefings are provided by FAA personnel at Flight
Service Stations (AFSSs/FSSs). Aviation routine
weather reports (METAR) are taken manually by
NWS, FAA, contractors, or supplemental observers.
METAR reports are also provided by Automated
Weather Observing System (AWOS) and Automated
Surface Observing System (ASOS).
REFERENCE−
AIM, Weather Observing Programs, Paragraph 7−1−12.
b. Aerodrome forecasts are prepared by approximately
100 Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs). These
offices prepare and distribute approximately
525 aerodrome forecasts 4 times daily for specific
airports in the 50 States, Puerto Rico, the Caribbean
and Pacific Islands. These forecasts are valid for
24 hours and amended as required. WFOs prepare
over 300 route forecasts and 39 synopses for
Transcribed Weather Broadcasts (TWEB), and
briefing purposes. The route forecasts are issued
4 times daily, each forecast is valid for 12 hours. A
centralized aviation forecast program originating
from the Aviation Weather Center (AWC) in Kansas
City was implemented in October 1995. In the
conterminous U.S., all Inflight Advisories Significant
Meteorological Information (SIGMETs), Convective
SIGMETs, and Airmen’s Meteorological
Information (AIRMETs) and all Area Forecasts
(FAs) (6 areas) are now issued by AWC. FAs are
prepared 3 times a day in the conterminous U.S. and
Alaska (4 times in Hawaii), and amended as required.
Inflight Advisories are issued only when conditions
warrant. Winds aloft forecasts are provided for
176 locations in the 48 contiguous States and
21 locations in Alaska for flight planning purposes.
(Winds aloft forecasts for Hawaii are prepared
locally.) All the aviation weather forecasts are given
wide distribution through the Weather Message
Switching Center Replacement (WMSCR) in Atlanta,
Georgia, and Salt Lake City, Utah.
REFERENCE−
AIM, Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories, Paragraph 7−1−6.
c. Weather element values may be expressed by
using different measurement systems depending on
several factors, such as whether the weather products
will be used by the general public, aviation interests,
international services, or a combination of these
users. FIG 7−1−1 provides conversion tables for the
most used weather elements that will be encountered
by pilots.
7−1−2. FAA Weather Services
a. The FAA maintains a nationwide network of
Automated Flight Service Stations (AFSSs/FSSs) to
serve the weather needs of pilots. In addition, NWS
meteorologists are assigned to most ARTCCs as part
of the Center Weather Service Unit (CWSU). They
provide Center Weather Advisories (CWAs) and
gather weather information to support the needs of
the FAA and other users of the system.
b. The primary source of preflight weather
briefings is an individual briefing obtained from a
briefer at the AFSS/FSS. These briefings, which are
tailored to your specific flight, are available 24 hours
a day through the use of the toll free number
(1−800−WX BRIEF). Numbers for these services can
be found in the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD)
under “FAA and NWS Telephone Numbers” section.
They may also be listed in the U.S. Government
section of your local telephone directory under
Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation
Administration, or Department of Commerce,
National Weather Service. NWS pilot weather
briefers do not provide aeronautical information
(NOTAMs, flow control advisories, etc.) nor do they
accept flight plans.
REFERENCE−
AIM, Preflight Briefing, Paragraph 7−1−4, explains the types of preflight
briefings available and the information contained in each.
AIM 8/5/04
7−1−2 Meteorology
FIG 7−1−1
Weather Elements Conversion Tables
8/5/04 AIM
Meteorology 7−1−3
c. Other sources of weather information are as
follows:
1. Telephone Information Briefing Service
(TIBS) (AFSS), a small number of Transcribed
Weather Broadcast (TWEB) locations, and telephone
access to the TWEB (TEL−TWEB) provide
continuously updated recorded weather information
for short or local flights. Separate paragraphs in this
section give additional information regarding these
services.
REFERENCE−
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