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limitations described in the product label.
NOTE−
An aviation weather product produced by the Federal
Government is a primary product unless designated as a
supplementary product by FAA.
e. In developing the definitions of primary and
supplementary weather products, it is not the intent of
FAA to change or increase the regulatory burden.
Rather, the definitions are meant to eliminate
confusion by differentiating between weather
products that may be utilized to meet regulatory
requirements and other weather products that may
only be used to improve situational awareness.
f. All flight−related, aviation weather decisions
must be based on primary weather products.
Supplementary weather products augment the
primary products by providing additional weather
information but may not be used as stand−alone
weather products to meet aviation weather regulatory
requirements or without the relevant primary
products. When discrepancies exist between primary
and supplementary weather products describing the
same weather phenomena, users must base flight−related
decisions on the primary weather product.
Furthermore, multiple primary products may be
necessary to meet all aviation weather regulatory
requirements.
g. The development of enhanced communications
capabilities, most notably the Internet, has allowed
pilots access to an ever−increasing range of weather
service providers and proprietary products. The FAA
has identified three distinct types of weather
information available to pilots and operators.
1. Observations. Raw weather data collected
by some type of sensor suite including surface and
airborne observations, radar, lightning, satellite
imagery, and profilers.
2. Analysis. Enhanced depiction and/or interpretation
of observed weather data.
3. Forecasts. Predictions of the development
and/or movement of weather phenomena based on
meteorological observations and various mathematical
models.
h. Not all sources of aviation weather information
are able to provide all three types of weather
information. The FAA has determined that operators
and pilots may utilize the following approved sources
of aviation weather information:
1. Federal Government. The FAA and NWS
collect raw weather data, analyze the observations,
and produce forecasts. The FAA and NWS
disseminate meteorological observations, analyses,
and forecasts through a variety of systems. In
addition, the Federal Government is the only
approval authority for sources of weather observations;
for example, contract towers and airport
operators may be approved by the Federal
Government to provide weather observations.
2. Enhanced Weather Information System
(EWINS). An EWINS is an FAA approved,
proprietary system for tracking, evaluating, reporting,
and forecasting the presence or lack of adverse
weather phenomena. An EWINS is authorized to
produce flight movement forecasts, adverse weather
phenomena forecasts, and other meteorological
advisories.
2/17/05 AIM
Meteorology 7−1−5
3. Commercial Weather Information Providers.
In general, commercial providers produce
proprietary weather products based on NWS/FAA
products with formatting and layout modifications
but no material changes to the weather information
itself. This is also referred to as “repackaging.” In
addition, commercial providers may produce analyses,
forecasts, and other proprietary weather products
that substantially alter the information contained in
government−produced products. However, those
proprietary weather products that substantially alter
government−produced weather products or information,
may only be approved for use by Part 121 and
Part 135 certificate holders if the commercial
provider is EWINS qualified.
NOTE−
Commercial weather information providers contracted by
FAA to provide weather observations, analyses, and
forecasts (e.g., contract towers) are included in the Federal
Government category of approved sources by virtue of
maintaining required technical and quality assurance
standards under Federal Government oversight.
i. Pilots and operators should be aware that
weather services provided by entities other than FAA,
NWS or their contractors (such as the DUATS and
FISDL providers) may not meet FAA/NWS quality
control standards. Hence, operators and pilots
contemplating using such services should request
and/or review an appropriate description of services
and provider disclosure. This should include, but is
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