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Authentic assessment. An assessment in which the student is asked to perform real-world tasks, and demonstrate a meaningful application of skills and competencies.
Basic need. A perception factor that describes a person’s ability to maintain and enhance the organized self.
Behaviorism. Theory of learning that stresses the importance of having a particular form of behavior reinforced by someone other than the student to shape or control what is learned.
Bookmark. A means of saving addresses on the World Wide Web (WWW) for easy future access. Usually done by selecting a button on the web browser screen, it saves the current web address so it does not have to be input again in a lengthy series of characters.
Branching. A programming technique which allows users of interactive video, multimedia courseware, or online training to choose from several courses of action in moving from one sequence to another.
Briefing. An oral presentation where the speaker presents a concise array of facts without inclusion of extensive supporting material.
G-2
Building block concept. Concept of learning that new knowledge and skills are best based on a solid foundation of previous experience and/or old learning. As knowledge and skills increase, the base expands, supporting further learning.
CBI. See computer-based instruction.
CBT. See computer-based training.
CD. See compact disk.
Cognitive domain. A grouping of levels of learning associated with mental activity. In order of increasing complexity, the domains are knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.
Compact disk (CD). A small plastic optical disk which contains recorded music or computer data. Also, a popular format for storing information digitally. The major advantage of a CD is its capability to store enormous amounts of information.
Comprehensiveness. The degree to which a test measures the overall objective.
Computer-assisted instruction. Instruction in which the instructor is responsible for the class and uses the computer to assist in the instruction.
Computer-based training (CBT). The use of the computer as a training device. CBT is sometimes called computer-based instruction (CBI); the terms and acronyms are synonymous and may be used interchangeably.
Condition. The second part of a performance-based objective which describes the framework under which the skill or behavior will be demonstrated.
Confusion between the symbol and the symbolized object. Results when a word is confused with what it is meant to represent. Words and symbols create confusion when they mean different things to different people.
Cooperative or group learning. An instructional strategy which organizes students into small groups so that they can work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning.
Correlation. A basic level of learning where the student can associate what has been learned, understood, and applied with previous or subsequent learning.
Course of training. A complete series of studies leading to attainment of a specific goal, such as a certificate of completion, graduation, or an academic degree.
Crew resource management (CRM). The application of team management concepts in the flight deck environment. It was initially known as cockpit resource management, but as CRM programs evolved to include cabin crews, maintenance personnel and others, the phrase “crew resource management” has been adopted. This includes single pilots, as in most general aviation aircraft. Pilots of small aircraft, as well as crews of larger aircraft, must make effective use of all available resources; human resources, hardware, and information. A current definition includes all groups routinely working with the cockpit crew who are involved in decisions required to operate a flight safely. These groups include, but are not limited to: pilots, dispatchers, cabin crewmembers, maintenance personnel, and air traffic controllers. CRM is one way of addressing the challenge of optimizing the human/machine interface and accompanying interpersonal activities.
Criteria. The third part of a performance-based objective, descriptions of standards that will be used to measure the accomplishment of the objective.
Criterion-referenced testing. System of testing where students are graded against a carefully written, measurable standard or criterion rather than against each other.
CRM. See crew resource management.
Curriculum. A set of courses in an area of specialization offered by an educational institution. A curriculum for a pilot school usually includes courses for the various pilot certificates and ratings.
Cut-away. Model of an object that is built in sections so it can be taken apart to reveal the inner structure.
Defense mechanisms. Subconscious ego-protecting reactions to unpleasant situations.
Demonstration-performance method. An educational presentation where an instructor first shows the student the correct way to perform an activity and then has the student attempt the same activity.
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Aviation Instructor’s Handbook下(107)
