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The flight instructor may add additional requirements or restrictions to the endorsement, such as an expiration date. Practical test endorsements are addressed in AC 61-65. These
Appendix E
Flight Instructor Endorsementsendorsements are regulatory and the pilot applicant must comply with them.
Flight instructors are responsible for properly documenting a student or applicant’s completion of prerequisites for a practical test. Examples of all common endorsements can be found in AC 61-65, Appendix C. (Further details about the requirements for each respective endorsement can be found in 14 CFR part 61.) These examples contain the essential elements of each endorsement with the goal of providing guidance and encouraging standardization among instructors. The flight instructor may need to customize the endorsement due to an applicant’s special circumstances or changes in regulatory requirements, but it is recommended all endorsements be worded as closely as possible to those in AC 61-65. At a minimum, the flight instructor needs to cite the appropriate 14 CFR part 61 section that has been completed. [Figure E-1]
FAA inspectors and DPEs rely on flight instructor recommendations for student or pilot applicant testing. These recommendations are accepted as evidence of qualification for certification and proof that a review of the subject areas found to be deficient on the appropriate knowledge test has been given by the flight instructor. Recommendations also provide assurance the applicant has had a thorough briefing on the PTS and the associated knowledge areas, maneuvers, and procedures. If the flight instructor has trained and prepared the applicant competently, the applicant should have no difficulty in passing the written and practical tests.
E-2Sport Pilot
Many consider the advent of the sport pilot certification to be one of the most significant changes to the airman certification structure to have occurred in over 50 years. Because of the growing cost to acquire the private pilot certification, more and more aviation enthusiasts are considering the sport pilot as an alternative. Many aircraft already meet the light sport aircraft criteria, and many manufacturers are now producing modern light sport aircraft. It is likely that flight instructors will be asked to provide information, and possibly, training for this new certificate. Flight instructors should review 14 CFR part 61, subparts J and K, for the requirements for, and privileges and limitations of, the sport pilot certifications as well as the new endorsement requirements.
Of particular interest has been the medical requirement. Subparts J and K also describe the process for sport pilots and flight instructors with a sport pilot rating to add additional category/class privileges. Since light sport aircraft must meet certain criteria, a well-informed flight instructor would be expected to be acquainted with the basic requirements.
FAA Forms 8710-1 and 8710-11
Discussed in Chapter 7, Instructor Responsibilities and Professionalism, FAA Forms 8710-1 and 8710-11 are the print versions of the Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application for Private and Sport Pilot Ratings. The flight instructor should ensure the applicant is prepared for the PTS and has met all the regulatory requirements, including knowledge, proficiency, required endorsements, and experience requirements before the application process. The applicant then either completes the Form 8710 paper version by hand, or completes a digital computer-based form found on the FAA website, which must be printed before leaving the website, or uses IACRA (discussed in depth in chapter 7) to apply for an airman certificate or rating.Instructor Records
14 CFR part 61 requires the flight instructor to maintain a record that includes information on the type of endorsement, the name of the person receiving the endorsement, and the date of the endorsement. This information must be kept in a logbook or a separate document. For a knowledge or practical test endorsement, the record must include the kind of test, the date, and the results. Records of endorsements must be maintained for at least 3 years.Knowledge Tests
When preparing an applicant for the private certification or higher grade rating (e.g., commercial or instrument), a test is required to ensure the PT has adequate aeronautical knowledge in those subject areas listed in 14 CFR part 61. The flight instructor may provide the PT with an endorsement to certify he or she has the required knowledge to pass the knoweldge test. Some additional ratings do not require a knowledge test. For information concerning additional aircraft certifications that do not require knowledge tests, refer to AC 61-65. Flight instructors must take a short question test for additional category.
As a general rule the following maybe used to determine if a knowledge test for Private, Commercial, or Instrument ratings is required, but the flight instructor should review 14 CFR part 61.
If the applicant fails a knowledge test, the flight or ground instructor must sign the written test after he or she has given additional training for a retake of the test.Additional Training and Endorsements
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Aviation Instructor’s Handbook下(102)
