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time with an average approach speed of 210 KT the flight flew from ELTOK to threshold
01L about 65 track miles. The Arlanda ATC reported in its statement that SK946 received
a normal vectoring and no special treatment in the traffic. The vectored flight
route flown by SK946 according to the Arlanda radar plot recordings is presented in the
figure 1.
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Airliner landing with low fuel at Helsinki-Vantaa airport on 3.10.2003
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Figure 1. The approach track of SK946 according to Arlanda radar plot recordings
The pilots told in the interview that they had expected a privilege to the other traffic in
the approach and wondered the long approach track which they had to fly. They noticed
during approach that they would, in case of a missed approach, not have enough fuel to
fly to the planned alternate airport Gothenburg. There were also calculated fuel info for
optional alternate in the OFP. The calculated fuel consumption to Gothenburg was 4.1 t
and to optional alternates Turku 2.7 t and Helsinki-Vantaa 3.7 t. There was fog also in
Turku and the visibility was below landing minima. The pilots decided to take Helsinki-
Vantaa as a new alternate because of 400 kg less fuel consumption than Gothenburg.
They did not report the alternate change to the ATC or enter a new route data to the
Flight Management and Guidance System (FMGS) of the aircraft.
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Airliner landing with low fuel at Helsinki-Vantaa airport on 3.10.2003
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1.1.3 Category II approach in Arlanda
The CAT II approach to 01L was stable according to the pilots statements but the commander
did not see the approach or runway lights at the decision height (DH) of 165
feet. The height is measured from the lowest point of the aircraft, the main wheels in
landing attitude, and indicated in the cockpit in radio altimeter. According to the A330
FCOM (Flight Crew Operation Manual) the cockpit is 34 feet above the wheels and the
pilots sit at a height of 199 feet above the runway level when the aircraft is on Arlanda
01L CAT II decision height.
The commander started a missed approach at 05.16 and the first officer requested
clearance to Helsinki-Vantaa. The pilots saw the runway lights for a moment during the
missed approach. When starting missed approach the fuel on board was 6.1 t. The required
fuel from the Arlanda missed approach point to Helsinki-Vantaa was according to
the OFP 6.0 t including an alternate trip fuel of 3700 kg and a final reserve fuel of 2300
kg.
The missed approach procedure was according to the Aeronautical Information Publication
(AIP) Sweden:
Climb straight ahead to 600 feet or ARL DME 1.0 (past ARL DME) whichever is latest.
Turn left to track 330 degrees, climbing 1500 feet, radar vectoring for a new
approach.
The flight SK946 received shortly a clearance to climb to 3000 feet. It took some time
before the ATC was able to issue a new route clearance which was requested without
any precautionary information. The ATC had also to co-ordinate the climb of SK946 with
the approaching traffic. The pilots told that they had to maintain this altitude for a rather
long time which hampered the fuel economy. According to the ATC radar plot recordings
SK946 flew on 3000 feet about 2-3 minutes. According to the recording SK946 passed
flight level 83 climbing about five minutes after it had started the missed approach.
1.1.4 Diversion to Helsinki-Vantaa
SK946 contacted TAMPERE ACC at 05.27.50, 11 minutes 50 seconds after missed approach,
and reported maintaining flight level 270. The calculated cruising level was 290
in the OFP. After radar identification SK946 received direct clearance to VOR VTI which
is entry point from west to Helsinki TMA (Terminal control area). SK946 reported to ACC
at 05.31.40: “Sir, we calculate now that we have upon landing at Helsinki less than our
minimum fuel, so formally we are getting into an emergency situation due to the fuel.”
The weather in Helsinki-Vantaa was good, sky almost clear and light winds. The ACC
issued entry clearance to Helsinki via a transition route, but the crew asked for radar
vectoring. ACC said he would relay the request to HELSINKI APPROACH. The ACC issued
an arrival clearance to runway 15 at 05.42.00 and a descend clearance when the
crew asked for it at 05.42.40. According to the radiotelephone recordings SK946 was
allowed to fly inbound Helsinki-Vantaa without any ATC restrictions.
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Airliner landing with low fuel at Helsinki-Vantaa airport on 3.10.2003
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TAMPERE ACC transferred SK946 to HELSINKI APPROACH at 05.45.30. The APP
offered after radar identification a short approach, but the pilots requested a normal approach.
The ACC and APP used the silent co-ordination system when the traffic was
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