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to proceed to or to land at the aerodrome of intended
landing. Alternate aerodromes include the following:
Take-off alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an
aircraft can land should this become necessary shortly after
take-off and it is not possible to use the aerodrome of
departure.
En-route alternate. An aerodrome at which an aircraft
would be able to land after experiencing an abnormal or
emergency condition while en route.
ETOPS en-route alternate. A suitable and appropriate
alternate aerodrome at which an aeroplane would be able to
land after experiencing an engine shut-down or other
abnormal or emergency condition while en route in an
ETOPS operation.
Destination alternate. An alternate aerodrome to which an
aircraft may proceed should it become either impossible or
inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of intended landing.
Note.— The aerodrome from which a flight departs may
also be an en-route or a destination alternate aerodrome for
that flight.
Altitude. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object
considered as a point, measured from mean sea level
(MSL).
Approach control service. Air traffic control service for
arriving or departing controlled flights.
Approach control unit. A unit established to provide air traffic
control service to controlled flights arriving at, or departing
from, one or more aerodromes.
Appropriate ATS authority. The relevant authority designated
by the State responsible for providing air traffic services in
the airspace concerned.
Appropriate authority.
a) Regarding flight over the high seas: The relevant
authority of the State of Registry.
b) Regarding flight other than over the high seas: The
relevant authority of the State having sovereignty over
the territory being overflown.
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Apron. A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to
accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading
passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance.
Area control centre. A unit established to provide air traffic
control service to controlled flights in control areas under
its jurisdiction.
Area control service. Air traffic control service for controlled
flights in control areas.
ATS route. A specified route designed for channelling the
flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic
services.
Note 1.— The term “ATS route” is used to mean variously,
airway, advisory route, controlled or uncontrolled route,
arrival or departure route, etc.
Note 2.— An ATS route is defined by route specifications
which include an ATS route designator, the track to or from
significant points (way-points), distance between significant
points, reporting requirements and, as determined by the
appropriate ATS authority, the lowest safe altitude.
Automatic dependent surveillance (ADS). A surveillance
technique in which aircraft automatically provide, via a data
link, data derived from on-board navigation and positionfixing
systems, including aircraft identification, fourdimensional
position and additional data as appropriate.
Ceiling. The height above the ground or water of the base of
the lowest layer of cloud below 6 000 metres (20 000 feet)
covering more than half the sky.
Change-over point. The point at which an aircraft navigating
on an ATS route segment defined by reference to very high
frequency omnidirectional radio ranges is expected to
transfer its primary navigational reference from the facility
behind the aircraft to the next facility ahead of the aircraft.
Note.— Change-over points are established to provide the
optimum balance in respect of signal strength and quality
between facilities at all levels to be used and to ensure a
common source of azimuth guidance for all aircraft operating
along the same portion of a route segment.
Clearance limit. The point to which an aircraft is granted an
air traffic control clearance.
Control area. A controlled airspace extending upwards from a
specified limit above the earth.
Controlled aerodrome. An aerodrome at which air traffic
control service is provided to aerodrome traffic.
Note.— The term “controlled aerodrome” indicates that
air traffic control service is provided to aerodrome traffic but
does not necessarily imply that a control zone exists.
Controlled airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions within
which air traffic control service is provided in accordance
with the airspace classification.
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