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such a manner that impact of the balloon, or any part thereof,
including its payload, with the surface of the earth, creates a
hazard to persons or property not associated with the
operation.
2.6 A heavy unmanned free balloon shall not be operated
over the high seas without prior co-ordination with the
appropriate ATS authority.
3. Operating limitations and
equipment requirements
3.1 A heavy unmanned free balloon shall not be operated
without authorization from the appropriate ATS authority at or
through any level below 18 000 m (60 000 ft) pressurealtitude
at which:
a) there are clouds or obscuring phenomena of more than
four oktas coverage; or
b) the horizontal visibility is less than 8 km.
3.2 A heavy or medium unmanned free balloon shall not
be released in a manner that will cause it to fly lower than
300 m (1 000 ft) over the congested areas of cities, towns or
settlements or an open-air assembly of persons not associated
with the operation.
3.3 A heavy unmanned free balloon shall not be operated
unless:
a) it is equipped with at least two payload flighttermination
devices or systems, whether automatic or
operated by telecommand, that operate independently of
each other;
10/11/94
No. 31
Annex 2 — Rules of the Air Appendix 4
14/11/91 34
Figure 4.1 Classification of unmanned free balloons
Appendix 4 Annex 2 — Rules of the Air
35 14/11/91
b) for polyethylene zero-pressure balloons, at least two
methods, systems, devices, or combinations thereof, that
function independently of each other are employed for
terminating the flight of the balloon envelope;
Note.— Superpressure balloons do not require these
devices as they quickly rise after payload discharge and burst
without the need for a device or system designed to puncture
the balloon envelope. In this context a superpressure balloon
is a simple non-extensible envelope capable of withstanding a
differential of pressure, higher inside than out. It is inflated so
that the smaller night-time pressure of the gas still fully
extends the envelope. Such a superpressure balloon will keep
essentially constant level until too much gas diffuses out of it.
c) the balloon envelope is equipped with either a radar
reflective device(s) or radar reflective material that will
present an echo to surface radar operating in the 200
MHz to 2 700 MHz frequency range, and/or the balloon
is equipped with such other devices as will permit
continuous tracking by the operator beyond the range of
ground-based radar.
3.4 A heavy unmanned free balloon shall not be operated
in an area where ground-based SSR equipment is in use,
unless it is equipped with a secondary surveillance radar
transponder, with altitude reporting capability, which is
continuously operating on an assigned code, or which can be
turned on when necessary by the tracking station.
3.5 An unmanned free balloon that is equipped with a
trailing antenna that requires a force of more than 230 N to
break it at any point, shall not be operated unless the antenna
has coloured pennants or streamers that are attached at not
more than 15 m intervals.
3.6 A heavy unmanned free balloon shall not be operated
below 18 000 m (60 000 ft) pressure-altitude between sunset
and sunrise or such other period between sunset and sunrise
(corrected to the altitude of operation) as may be prescribed by
the appropriate ATS authority, unless the balloon and its
attachments and payload, whether or not they become
separated during the operation, are lighted.
3.7 A heavy unmanned free balloon that is equipped with
a suspension device (other than a highly conspicuously
coloured open parachute) more than 15 m long, shall not be
operated between sunrise and sunset below 18 000 m (60 000
ft) pressure-altitude unless the suspension device is coloured in
alternate bands of high conspicuity colours or has coloured
pennants attached.
4. Termination
The operator of a heavy unmanned free balloon shall activate
the appropriate termination devices required by 3.3 a) and b)
above:
a) when it becomes known that weather conditions are less
than those prescribed for the operation;
b) if a malfunction or any other reason makes further
operation hazardous to air traffic or to persons or
property on the surface; or
c) prior to unauthorized entry into the airspace over
another State’s territory.
5. Flight notification
5.1 Pre-flight notification
5.1.1 Early notification of the intended flight of an
unmanned free balloon in the medium or heavy category, shall
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