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final legs of the approach.
2) during the hours of darkness:
— by flashing on and off twice the aircraft’s landing
lights or, if not so equipped, by switching on and off
twice its navigation lights.
b) When on the ground:
1) during the hours of daylight:
— by moving the aircraft’s ailerons or rudder;
2) during the hours of darkness:
— by flashing on and off twice the aircraft’s landing
lights or, if not so equipped, by switching on and off
twice its navigation lights.
4.2 Visual ground signals
Note.— For details of visual ground aids, see Annex 14.
4.2.1 Prohibition of landing
A horizontal red square panel with yellow diagonals
(Figure 1.2) when displayed in a signal area indicates that
landings are prohibited and that the prohibition is liable to be
prolonged.
Figure 1.2
4.2.2 Need for special precautions
while approaching or landing
A horizontal red square panel with one yellow diagonal
(Figure 1.3) when displayed in a signal area indicates that
owing to the bad state of the manoeuvring area, or for any
other reason, special precautions must be observed in
approaching to land or in landing.
Figure 1.3
4.2.3 Use of runways and taxiways
4.2.3.1 A horizontal white dumb-bell (Figure 1.4) when
displayed in a signal area indicates that aircraft are required to
land, take off and taxi on runways and taxiways only.
Figure 1.4
4.2.3.2 The same horizontal white dumb-bell as in 4.2.3.1
but with a black bar placed perpendicular to the shaft across
each circular portion of the dumb-bell (Figure 1.5) when
displayed in a signal area indicates that aircraft are required to
land and take off on runways only, but other manoeuvres need
not be confined to runways and taxiways.
Figure 1.5
4.2.4 Closed runways or taxiways
Crosses of a single contrasting colour, yellow or white
(Figure 1.6), displayed horizontally on runways and taxiways
or parts thereof indicate an area unfit for movement of aircraft.
Figure 1.6
Appendix 1 Annex 2 — Rules of the Air
25 14/11/91
4.2.5 Directions for landing or take-off
4.2.5.1 A horizontal white or orange landing T (Figure
1.7) indicates the direction to be used by aircraft for landing
and take-off, which shall be in a direction parallel to the shaft
of the T towards the cross arm.
Note.— When used at night, the landing T is either
illuminated or outlined in white coloured lights.
Figure 1.7
4.2.5.2 A set of two digits (Figure 1.8) displayed
vertically at or near the aerodrome control tower indicates to
aircraft on the manoeuvring area the direction for take-off,
expressed in units of 10 degrees to the nearest 10 degrees of
the magnetic compass.
Figure 1.8
4.2.6 Right-hand traffic
When displayed in a signal area, or horizontally at the end of
the runway or strip in use, a right-hand arrow of conspicuous
colour (Figure 1.9) indicates that turns are to be made to the
right before landing and after take-off.
Figure 1.9
4.2.7 Air traffic services reporting office
The letter C displayed vertically in black against a yellow
background (Figure 1.10) indicates the location of the air
traffic services reporting office.
Figure 1.10
4.2.8 Glider flights in operation
A double white cross displayed horizontally (Figure 1.11) in
the signal area indicates that the aerodrome is being used by
gliders and that glider flights are being performed.
Figure 1.11
Annex 2 — Rules of the Air Appendix 1
14/11/91 26
5. MARSHALLING SIGNALS
5.1 From a signalman to an aircraft
Note 1.— These signals are designed for use by the
signalman, with hands illuminated as necessary to facilitate
observation by the pilot, and facing the aircraft in a position:
a) for fixed-wing aircraft, forward of the left-wing tip
within view of the pilot; and
b) for helicopters, where the signalman can best be seen by
the pilot.
Note 2.— The meaning of the relevant signals remains the
same if bats, illuminated wands or torchlights are held.
Note 3.— The aircraft engines are numbered, for the
signalman facing the aircraft, from right to left (i.e. No. 1 engine
being the port outer engine).
Note 4.— Signals marked with an asterisk are designed for
use to hovering helicopters.
5.1.1 Prior to using the following signals, the signalman
shall ascertain that the area within which an aircraft is to be
guided is clear of objects which the aircraft, in complying with
3.4.1, might otherwise strike.
Note.— The design of many aircraft is such that the path of
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