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(degrees)
< 500 ≤ 3
≥ 500 ≤ 25
*Lowest height within the RF segment
NOTE: Missed approach RF turns that are speed limited must limit bank angles to
15° maximum.
Determine the bank angle requirement associated with a given radius (R) using
formula 1-4.
Formula 1-4
( )2 ( 5)
1
Formula 1-4
1.4589 10
tan VKTAS VKTW
R
φ
−
−
= + × ×
8260.52 6/3/05
Page 1-14 Par 1.11.3
Example
( )2 5
1
CAT D aircraft, 4,000 ft, 6.7 NM Radius
270 60 1 4589 10
1334
67
φ
−
−
= + × × = °
.
tan .
.
1.12 CALCULATION OF RADIO ALTIMETER (RA) HEIGHT.
Some aircraft bank angles are limited below 400 ft radio altitude (AGL). If any
portion of the turn is expected to occur below 400 ft AGL, the Flight Control
Computer (FCC – not the FMC) bank angle limitation must be considered for the
LNAV mode. In these cases, use the limited bank angle in the turn calculation.
Document the limited bank angle on the procedure forms (FAA uses
Form 8260-9). AFS-400 (or equivalent DOD agency as appropriate) approval is
required for greater bank angles in these cases. To determine RA height at any
point on final, determine the distance (d) measured along the final approach
course (FAC) from GPI. Obtain the terrain elevation at point (d) feet from GPI on
the final course track. Subtract the terrain elevation from the on-glidepath
altitude to calculate the RA (see figure 1-7). See formulas 1-5 and 1-6.
Figure 1-7. RA Height
ASBL
GPI
RA 238 AGL’
DA 276’ MSL
Runway
38’ MSLTerrain
3° Glidepath
d
Threshold 4,770.28’
Elevation
26’ MSL
Formula 1-5
( )
Aircraft Altitude Threshold Elev
tan
d
θ
−
=
Example
( )
276 26 4 770 28
3
, . '
tan
d
−
= =
Formula 1-6
RA = Aircraft Altitude − Terrain Elev
Example
RA = 276−38=238
6/3/05 8260.52
Par 1.13 Page 1-15
1.13 DTA APPLICATION.
DTA is a calculated value for use in determining minimum straight segment
length where a turn is required at the beginning or ending fix (see figure 1-8).
See paragraph 2.3 for determination of minimum segment length. Use
formula 1-7 to determine DTA for any given turn.
Figure 1-8. DTA
Formula 1-7
α = degrees of turn
R = Turn radius
Turn
Fix
DTA
R
R
1.14 CALCULATION OF VISIBILITY MINIMUMS.
Calculate visibility with and without lights. Where approach lights are used to
reduce visibility, publish a note containing the no-light visibility. Example note:
“Inoperative table does not apply. Visibility without lights is 1 ½ mile.” Calculate
the slant distance from DA to the first light of the approach lighting system of
runways served by approach lights or to the landing threshold of runways without
approach lights using formula 1-8 rounded to the next higher reportable value
(see figures 1-9 and 1-10).
Formula 1-8
( )2 2
where d = distance (ft) along ASBL from LTP to DA
l = length of lighting system
H = DA height above threshold
Visibility= d−l +H
Example
( ) { }
{ }
2 2 3
8
2 2 7
8
Example - w lights
425509 2400 273 187507 SM
Example - w/o lights
425509 273 426384 SM
. .
. .
− + =
+ =
DTA Rtan
= α
2
8260.52 6/3/05
Page 1-16 Par 1.14
Figure 1-9. Visibility with Approach Lights
Figure 1-10. Visibility without Approach Lights
1.15 EVALUATION OF ACTUAL AND ASSUMED OBSTACLES (AAO).
1.15.1 Accuracy Uncertainty Standards.
Apply the vertical and horizontal accuracy standards in Order 8260.19,
paragraphs 272, 273, 274, and appendix 2. If specific terrain information (a site
inspection, local information, or site survey, etc.) is not available, apply the
following:
• The next higher contour line minus one unit of elevation; or if other terrain
data formats are used (e.g. DEMs) instead of terrain contour lines, use the
DEM data point value, and
• An assumed canopy height consistent with local area vegetation (since
canopy height varies throughout the country, verify the height value to use
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