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your skills and procedures as a pilot.
Light-sport aircraft are flown by a single pilot. Nonetheless,
there are numerous resources available to that
pilot. For instance, even though the passenger is not
a pilot, he or she can be asked to assist with scanning
the skies and a possible landing location during an
emergency. Your knowledge, skills, and consistent use
of a checklist are also valuable resources. External resources
for the powered parachute pilot include those
that can assist with Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs)
and weather information. These resources can include
Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS), Automated
Surface Observing System (ASOS), Hazardous
Inflight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS), and
Flight Service Stations (FSS) 800-WX-BRIEF.
1-5
Use of Checklists
Checklists have been the foundation of pilot standardization
and cockpit safety for many years. The checklist
is an aid to the fallible human memory and helps
to ensure that critical safety items are not overlooked
or forgotten. However, checklists are of no value if
the pilot is not committed to their use. Without discipline
and dedication in using a checklist, the odds
favor the possibility of an error.
The importance of consistent use of checklists cannot
be overstated in pilot training. A major objective in
primary flight training is to establish habitual patterns
that will serve the pilot well throughout their entire
flying career. The flight instructor must promote a
positive attitude toward the use of checklists, and the
student pilot must realize its importance. At a minimum,
prepared checklists should be referenced for
the following phases of flight:
• Preflight Inspection
• Before Engine Start
• Engine Starting
• Before Kiting and Taxiing the Wing
• During the Takeoff Roll
• After Takeoff
• Before Landing
• After Landing
• Engine Shutdown
• Postflight Inspection and Securing
Due to the open nature of the cart, you should secure
your checklist to ensure it does not get blown through
the prop. It should be attached to something (a kneeboard
strapped to your leg, the instrument panel, etc.)
to eliminate the possibility of it being blown away, yet
remaining visible and easy to use.
Situational Awareness
Situational awareness is the accurate perception and
understanding of all the factors that affect the powered
parachute, pilot, passenger, environment and
type of operation comprising a given situation. Maintaining
situational awareness requires an understanding
of the relative significance of these factors and
their future impact on the flight. When situationally
aware, the pilot has an overview of the total operation
and is not fixated on one perceived significant factor.
In addition, an awareness must be maintained of the
environmental conditions of the flight, such as spatial
orientation of the PPC, and its relationship to terrain,
traffic, weather, and airspace.
To maintain situational awareness, all of the skills involved
in aeronautical decision making are used. For
example, an accurate perception of pilot fitness can
be achieved through self-assessment and recognition
of hazardous attitudes. Establishing a productive relationship
with pattern traffic and traffic control can be
accomplished by effective resource use.
Stress Management
Stress is part of the human process. A certain amount
of stress can be good as it keeps a person alert and
tends to prevent complacency. However, the effects
of stress are cumulative. If not coped with adequately,
eventually the stress may result in an intolerable burden
with negative psychological and perhaps physical
consequences. Performance generally increases with
the onset of stress, peaks, and then begins to fall off
rapidly as stress levels exceed a person’s ability to
cope. The ability to make effective decisions during
flight is likely to be impaired by stress. Hence, the
ability to reduce high levels of cockpit stress will have
a direct correlation to aircraft safety.
Stress management in the aircraft begins by making
an assessment of stress in all areas of your life. There
are several techniques to help manage the accumulation
of life stresses and prevent stress overload.
For example: set realistic goals; manage time more
effectively; include relaxation time in a busy schedule;
maintain a weekly program of physical fitness;
and maintain flight proficiency. If stress does strike
in flight, you should try to relax, take a deep breath,
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Powered Parachute Flying Handbook动力伞飞行手册(8)
