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used. Check the oil level during each preflight and
after each refueling. [Figure 5-10] If the consumption
of oil steadily increases or suddenly changes, qualified
maintenance personnel should investigate. After
checking or adding oil to the PPC, ensure that the oil
cap has been securely replaced. The oil reservoir on a
two-stroke must be checked for adequate venting; if
this becomes plugged, it could cause starvation of the
oil to the engine.
Two cycle engines without oil injection premix the
oil with the fuel. Assure the mixture ratio is correct.
Proper mixing techniques is covered in the fuel section.
Powerplant Inspection
Inspect the propeller for any signs of propeller blade
chafing, and defects such as cracking. Check the propeller
for large nicks in the leading edge, cracks, pitting,
corrosion, and security. All propeller tape should
be securely attached to the propeller surface, paying
special attention to the convex side of the propeller
for any delaminating; propeller tape is used primarily
for protection on the leading edge of the propeller as
well as a supplemental balancing device. Check the
propeller hub for security, bolt threads showing and
general condition.
Figure 5-9. Inspect that the fuel tank vents are free of dirt
and debris to prevent fuel starvation during flight.
5-9
Figure 5-10. It is important to check the oil reservoir cap to
make sure the vent holes are open and free of debris.
Powered parachute engines are set up in a pusher configuration,
so it is essential to check the engine area
for loose items to ensure nothing is blown through the
propeller, possibly injuring the aircraft, observers, or
property. Carburetor(s) must be checked to make sure
they are secure; check the air filter for condition and
secure fit. Check the rubber manifolds for cracks and
check spark plugs to make sure all of the spark plug
caps are secure. On some two-stroke engines, there
is a reservoir that contains the lubricant for the rotary
valve; check this level on every preflight. Check
gear reduction boxes for leaking seals and make sure
there is not play within the gears. Look for signs of
fuel dye which may indicate a fuel leak and deterioration
of fuel lines. Check for oil leaks, deterioration of
oil lines, and make certain that the oil cap, filter, oil
cooler and drain plug are secure.
Check the exhaust system for white stains caused
by exhaust leaks at the cylinder head or cracks in
the stacks. Check exhaust components for freedom
of movement; they must be secure with all exhaust
springs in place.
On liquid cooled engines, the radiator fluid level, as
well as the overflow reservoir, must be checked and
filled as necessary.
Check all visible wires and lines for security and condition.
Engine Starting
Prior to starting the engine it is imperative to precisely
follow the engine manufacturer’s recommendation for
engine warm-up. Follow the before engine starting
and engine starting checklist procedures in the POH.
Certain precautions apply to all powered parachutes.
Do not start the engine with the back of the cart of
the powered parachute pointed toward an open hangar
door, parked automobiles, or a group of bystanders.
This is not only discourteous, but may result in personal
injury and damage to the property of others as
propeller blast is surprisingly powerful.
When ready to start the engine, look in all directions
to be sure nothing is or will be in the vicinity of the
propeller. This includes nearby persons and aircraft
that could be struck by the propeller blast or the debris
it might pick up from the ground. Turn on the anticollision
strobe prior to engine start (if so equipped),
even during daylight operations.
First look around, and then shout “CLEAR PROP.”
Wait for a response from persons who may be nearby
before activating the starter.
When activating the starter, keep one hand on the
throttle. The other hand should be on the ignition in
case the engine races immediately after start and the
throttle has no effect. This allows prompt response
if the engine falters during starting, and allows you
to rapidly retard the throttle if revolutions per minute
(RPM) are excessive after starting. A low RPM setting
is recommended immediately following engine
start. Do not allow the RPM to race immediately after
start, as there will be insufficient lubrication until the
oil pressure rises. In freezing temperatures, the engine
will also be exposed to potential mechanical distress
until it warms and normal internal operating clearances
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Powered Parachute Flying Handbook动力伞飞行手册(43)
