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G airspace.
Special Use Airspace
Special use airspace exists where activities must be
confined because of their nature. In special use airspace,
limitations may be placed on aircraft that are
not a part of the activities. Special use airspace usually
consists of:
• Prohibited Areas.
• Restricted Areas.
• Warning Areas.
• Military Operation Areas.
• Alert Areas.
• Controlled Firing Areas.
It is important you review the current sectional chart
for the area you will be flying in to make sure you
avoid operating in special use airspace without proper
training and authority. [Figure 8-4]
Prohibited Areas
Prohibited areas are established for security or other
reasons associated with the national welfare. Prohibited
areas are published in the Federal Register and
are depicted on aeronautical charts.
Restricted Areas
Restricted areas denote the existence of unusual, often
invisible hazards to aircraft such as artillery firing,
aerial gunnery, or guided missiles. An aircraft may
not enter a restricted area unless permission has been
obtained from the controlling agency. Restricted areas
are depicted on aeronautical charts and are published
in the Federal Register. Restricted areas may have
altitude limitations and hours of operation. Aircraft
operations are not restricted if the restricted area is
not active.
Warning Areas
Warning areas consist of airspace which may contain
hazards to nonparticipating aircraft in international
airspace. The activities may be much the same as
those for a restricted area. Warning areas are established
beyond the 3-mile limit. Warning areas are depicted
on aeronautical charts.
Figure 8-4. Your preflight preparations should include
studying the sectional chart to determine in which
airspace you will be operating.
8-5
Military Operation Areas
Military operation areas (MOA) consist of airspace of
defined vertical and lateral limits established for the
purpose of separating certain military training activity
from IFR traffic. There is no restriction against a pilot
operating VFR in these areas; however, a pilot should
be alert since training activities may include acrobatic
and abrupt maneuvers. MOAs are depicted on aeronautical
charts. MOAs may have altitude limitations
and hours of operation.
Alert Areas
Alert areas are depicted on aeronautical charts and
advise pilots that a high volume of pilot training or
unusual aerial activity is taking place. You should be
particularly vigilant while flying in this airspace due
to the high volume of training activities.
Controlled Firing Areas
Controlled firing areas contain activities, which, if
not conducted in a controlled environment, could be
hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. The difference
between controlled firing areas and other special use
airspace is that activities must be suspended when a
spotter aircraft, radar, or ground lookout position indicates
an aircraft might be approaching the area.
Other Airspace Areas
“Other airspace areas” is a general term referring to
the majority of the remaining airspace. It includes:
• Airport Advisory Areas.
• Military Training Routes (MTR).
• Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs).
• Parachute Jump Areas.
• Published VFR Routes.
• Terminal Radar Service Areas.
• National Security Areas.
• Flights over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges,
Parks, and Forest Service Areas.
Airport Advisory Areas
An airport advisory area is an area within 10 statute
miles (SM) of an airport where a control tower is not
operating, but where a flight service station (FSS) is
located. At these locations, the FSS provides advisory
service to arriving and departing aircraft.
Military Training Routes
Military training routes (MTR) are developed to allow
the military to conduct low-altitude, high speed training.
The routes above 1,500 feet AGL are developed
to be flown primarily under IFR, and the routes 1,500
feet and less are for VFR flight. The routes are identified
on sectional charts by the designation “instrument
(IR) or visual (VR).” MTRs with no segment above
1,500 feet AGL are identified by four number characters;
e.g., IR1206, VR1207. MTRs that include one or
more segments above 1,500 feet AGL are identified
by three number characters; e.g., IR206, VR207.
Temporary Flight Restrictions
An FDC Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) will be issued
to designate a temporary flight restriction (TFR). The
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