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Breaking in an engine through ground runs on a
hot day is when radiator placement is most critical.
Liquid-cooled engines can overheat for a number of
reasons, such as coolant not at proper levels, a leak, a
failed water pump, or a blockage of the radiator. Operating
an engine above its maximum design temperature
can cause a loss of power and detonation. It will
also lead to serious permanent damage, such as scoring
the cylinder walls and damaging the pistons and
rings. Monitor the engine temperature instruments to
avoid high operating temperature.
Operating the engine lower than its designed temperature
range can cause piston seizure and scarring on
the cylinder walls. This happens most often in liquidcooled
powered parachutes in cold weather where
large radiators designed for summer flying may need
to be partially blocked off.
5-1
Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) and Terminal Flight
Restrictions (TFRs), plan your flight (determine the
departure and destination airfield and route of flight),
file a flight plan (if planning to fly cross-country), and
head to your aircraft and point of departure. The powered
parachute (PPC) may be stored in a hangar, garage,
or covered trailer—
any place out of the weather.
Begin with a visual inspection of the cart, then warm
up the engine. Push or taxi the PPC to the takeoff
point, shut down the engine, lay out and inspect the
wing. Finally, strap into the PPC, start the engine, kite
the wing, and then continue the takeoff roll to lift off.
[Figure 5-1]
Trailering
Trailers may be used to transport, store, and retrieve
powered parachutes. The PPC components should
fit snuggly without being forced, be guarded against
chafing, and be well secured within the trailer. Once
Get Ready to Fly
Your preflight preparations should include evaluating
the airworthiness of the:
• Pilot: experience, sleep, food and water, drugs/
medications, stress, illness
• Aircraft: fuel, weight (does not exceed
maximum), density altitude, takeoff and landing
requirements, equipment
• EnVironment: weather conditions and forecast
for departure and destination airfields and route
of flight, runway lengths
• External pressures: schedules, available
alternatives, purpose of flight
Often remembered as PAVE, it is important for you to
consider each of these factors and establish your own
personal minimums for flying.
Once you determine the PAVE factors are favorable
for flight, you should obtain a weather briefing, check
Figure 5-1. Typical sequence for a preflight inspection. Use the preflight checklist in your POH for every flight.
5-2
the loading is completed, take a short drive, stop, and
check for rubbing or chafing of components.
Prior to taking the trailer on the road, inspect the
tires for proper inflation and adequate tread; check
all lights to make sure they are operating; ensure the
hitch is free moving and well lubricated; make sure
the vehicle attachment is rated for the weight of the
trailer; check the vehicle and trailer brake operation.
When using a trailer, there are other precautions to
note. First, avoid towing with too much or too little
tongue weight as this causes the trailer to fishtail at
certain speeds, and it may become uncontrollable.
Second, take care when unloading the PPC to avoid
damage.
Where to Fly
The powered parachute can be transported by trailer
from one flying field to the next. For as many benefits
as this provides, transporting the powered parachute
into unfamiliar territory also includes some safety and
operational issues.
Make contact with the airport management to inquire
about any special arrangements that may need to be
made prior to departing from an unfamiliar airport.
Check the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) for traffic
pattern information, no fly zones surrounding the
airport, and special accommodations that may need
to be arranged.
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR)
part 91 states that powered parachutes are to avoid
the flow of all other air traffic. In addition, you should
inform local pilots about some of the incidentals of
powered parachute flight (such as flying low and
slow); the more information that other category pilots
know about PPC flight characteristics, the more
they will understand the specific needs of the powered
parachute in flight. Sharing the same airspace with
various aircraft categories requires pilots to know and
understand the rules, and understand the flight characteristics
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Powered Parachute Flying Handbook动力伞飞行手册(38)
