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landing check should be completed. Maintain
pattern altitude until abeam the approach end of the
landing runway. At this point, reduce power and begin
a descent. The downwind leg continues past a point
abeam the approach end of the runway to a point approximately
45° from the approach end of the runway,
and a medium bank turn is made onto the base leg.
10-5
Figure 10-5. Segmented circle and components.
Figure 10-4. Airport signs.
The base leg is the transitional part of the traffic pattern
between the downwind leg and the final approach leg.
Depending on the wind condition, it is established at a
sufficient distance from the approach end of the landing
runway to permit a gradual descent to the intended
touchdown point. The ground track of the powered
parachute while on the base leg should be perpendicular
to the extended centerline of the landing runway,
although the longitudinal axis of the powered parachute
may not be aligned with the ground track when
it is necessary to turn into the wind to counteract drift.
While on the base leg, the pilot must ensure, before
turning onto the final approach, that there is no danger
of colliding with another aircraft that may already be
on the final approach.
The final approach leg is a descending flightpath starting
from the completion of the base-to-final turn and
extending to the point of touchdown. This is probably
the most important leg of the entire pattern, because
here the pilot’s judgment and procedures must
be the sharpest to accurately control the airspeed and
descent angle while approaching the intended touchdown
point.
As stipulated in 14 CFR part 91, section 91.113, aircraft
while on final approach to land or while landing
have the right-of-way over other aircraft in flight or
operating on the surface. When two or more aircraft
are approaching an airport for the purpose of landing,
the aircraft at the lower altitude has the right-of-way.
Pilots should not take advantage of this rule to cut in
front of another aircraft that is on final approach to
land, or to overtake that aircraft.
The upwind leg is a course flown parallel and in the
same direction to the landing runway. The upwind leg
10-6
continues past a point abeam the departure end of the
runway where a medium bank 90° turn is made onto
the crosswind leg.
The upwind leg is also the transitional part of the traffic
pattern: the final approach, when a go-around is
initiated, and where climb attitude is established after
lift-off. When a safe altitude is attained, the pilot
should commence a shallow bank turn to the crosswind
leg of the airport. The go-around is flown much
as you would overtake an aircraft by passing the overtaken
aircraft on their right. This will allow better visibility
of the runway for departing aircraft.
The departure leg of the rectangular pattern is a
straight course aligned with, and leading from, the
takeoff runway. This leg begins at the point the powered
parachute leaves the ground and continues until
the 90° turn onto the crosswind leg is started.
On the departure leg after takeoff, continue climbing
straight ahead, and, if remaining in the traffic pattern,
commence a turn to the crosswind leg. The published
airport traffic pattern may describe the turn to crosswind
by altitude or ground reference. Begin the turn
to crosswind after a positive rate of climb has been
established and sufficient altitude has been gained to
allow clearance from ground obstructions.
If departing the traffic pattern, continue straight out
or exit with a 45° turn, to enter the upwind leg after a
positive rate of climb has been established and sufficient
altitude has been gained to allow clearance from
ground obstructions. Exit the upwind leg straight out.
Turning into the upwind leg allows the PPC to exit the
pattern and avoid airplanes in the traffic pattern. Care
should be taken not to turn into the path of an aircraft
in the upwind leg.
If parallel operations are in place (i.e., airplanes on
the hard surface, powered parachutes on the grass), fly
a pattern that stays within the pattern of the airplane
traffic and does not cross the airplanes’ active runway.
In all cases, the powered parachute should not make
any turns until the pilot is certain it will not obstruct
any aircraft operating in either pattern.
The crosswind leg is the part of the rectangular pattern
that is horizontally perpendicular to the extended centerline
of the takeoff runway and is entered by making
approximately a 90° turn from the upwind leg. On the
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Powered Parachute Flying Handbook动力伞飞行手册(79)
