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helicopter is in motion to avoid momentarily sinking
the floats or capsizing the helicopter. Float equipped
helicopters should be taxied with the nose in the
direction of movement. Maximum taxi speed is
attained when the bow wave around the nose of the
floats rises slightly above the normal waterline.
Beyond this speed, the bow wave flows over the front
portion of the floats, and this severe drag may capsize
the helicopter. When the helicopter is heavily loaded,
it is restricted to a slower taxiing speed than when
lightly loaded.When taxiing in small waves, point the
helicopter into or at a slight angle to the waves. Never
allow the helicopter to roll in the trough. In some
instances, increasing collective can produce enough
downwash to create a slight smoothing effect on windproduced
waves.
Aground swell can be dangerous to the tail rotor while
the helicopter is riding up and pitching over the swell.
Warning: During water operation, if there is any
possibility that the tail rotor struck the water, do not
attempt a takeoff. Although a tail rotor water strike
may not show any visible evidence of damage, a tail
rotor failure is likely to occur.
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
The preflight inspection consists of the standard
aircraft inspection with a few additional items
associated with the floats. When performing a preflight
inspection, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.
A typical inspection of the floats includes:
• Visual Inspection—Examine the floats for cuts,
abrasions, or other damage.
• Inflation Check—Although proper inflation can
be checked by hand feeling for equal pressure
and firmness, a pressure gauge is the preferred
method to check for the correct pressure listed in
the POH or RFM. For flights to higher altitudes,
adjust float pressure before takeoff so that
maximum pressure is not exceeded, unless the
floats are equipped with pressure relief valves.
• Valve Checks—Check the air valves by filling
the neck with water and watching for bubbles.
Examine fittings for security and, if operated in
salt water, inspect for corrosion.
• Float Stabilizer, if equipped—Examine the float
stabilizer and other float related surfaces for
security and condition. Any indication of water
contact requires, at a minimum, a visual inspection
of the tail surfaces, tail boom, and mounts.
Consult the aircraft’s maintenance manual for
any additional required inspections.
• Float and Skid Freedom—In cold weather, it is
common for floats and skids to freeze to the
surface. Inspect the floats and skids for freedom
of movement and obstructions. To help prevent
this problem, try to park on a dry surface with
proper drainage.
• Secure—Ensure all equipment is secure and
properly stowed including survival equipment,
anchors, tiedowns, and paddles. If possible, stow
items inside the helicopter that could become
loose and fly into the rotors.
• Survival Equipment—Check the quantity and
condition of survival equipment including flotation
devices, liferafts, provisions, and signaling
devices.
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Approach the swell at a 30º to 45º angle and use collective
pitch to minimize bobbing. If it becomes obvious
that continued water taxi could lead to a serious
problem, lift the helicopter off and reassess the
situation. It might be possible to land in an area that
does not contain the same conditions.
When hovering over or taxiing on water, movement of
the helicopter may be difficult to judge. The rippling
effect of the water from the downwash makes it appear
as if the helicopter is moving in one direction when it is
in fact stationary or even moving in the opposite
direction. To maintain a fixed position or maintain a
straight course while taxiing and hovering, use a fixed
reference such as the bank or a stationary object in the
water. When reference points are not available, judge
movement by swirls, burbles, or slicks seen around the
floats.
Hovering a helicopter over open water can create
deceptive sensations. Without a reference point,
extensive or rapid helicopter movements may go
unnoticed. Very smooth and very rough water
aggravate this situation. The most desirable water
conditions are moderate ripples from a light breeze. An
odd sensation, similar to vertigo, is sometimes
produced by the concentric outward ripples resulting
from the rotorwash, and pilots must keep their eyes
moving and avoid staring at any particular spot. The
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