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may take off and land are generally left to state and
local governments.
Some states and cities are very liberal in the laws
regarding the operation of seaplanes on their lakes
and waterways, while other states and cities may
impose stringent restrictions. The Seaplane Pilots
Association publishes the useful Water Landing
Directory with information on seaplane facilities,
landing areas, waterway use regulations, and local
restrictions throughout the United States. Before
operating a seaplane on public waters, contact the
Parks and Wildlife Department of the state, the State
Aeronautics Department, or other authorities to
determine the local requirements. In any case, seaplane
pilots should always avoid creating a nuisance
in any area, particularly in congested marine areas or
near swimming or boating facilities.
Established seaplane bases are shown on aeronautical
charts and are listed in the Airport/Facility Directory.
The facilities at seaplane bases vary greatly, but most
include a hard surface ramp for launching, servicing
facilities, and an area for mooring or hangaring seaplanes.
Many marinas designed for boats also provide
seaplane facilities.
Seaplanes often operate in areas with extensive recreational
or commercial water traffic. The movements of
faster craft, such as speedboats and jet-skis are unpredictable.
People towing skiers may be focusing their
attention behind the boat and fail to notice a landing
seaplane. Swimmers may be nearly invisible, often
with just their heads showing among the waves. There
is no equivalent of the airport traffic pattern to govern
boat traffic, and although right-of-way rules exist on
the water, many watercraft operators are unaware of
the limits of seaplane maneuverability and may
assume that seaplanes will always be able to maneuver
to avoid them. Many times, the seaplane itself is an
object of curiosity, drawing water traffic in the form of
interested onlookers.
When seaplane operations are conducted in bush
country, regular or emergency facilities are often limited
or nonexistent. The terrain and waterways are
frequently hazardous, and any servicing becomes the
individual pilot’s responsibility. Prior to operating in
an unfamiliar area away from established seaplane
facilities, obtain the advice of FAA Accident
Prevention Counselors or experienced seaplane
pilots who are familiar with the area.
Ch 03.qxd 8/24/04 10:42 AM Page 3-4
4-1
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
Begin the preflight inspection with a thorough review
of the existing local weather, destination weather, and
water conditions. This weather evaluation should
include the direction and speed of the wind to determine
their effects on takeoffs, landings, and other
water operations.
The preflight inspection of a seaplane is somewhat different
from that of a landplane. Inspecting a seaplane
on the water is complicated by the need to reposition
the seaplane to gain access to all parts of the airframe.
On the other hand, preflighting a seaplane on land may
create certain challenges because the wings and tail
surfaces may be out of reach and difficult to inspect
when standing on the ground.
The following preflight description omits many items
that are identical in landplanes and seaplanes in order
to emphasize the differences between the two procedures.
The process and the equipment to be checked
vary from airplane to airplane, but the following
description provides a general idea of the preflight
inspection for a typical high wing, single-engine floatplane.
As always, follow the procedures recommended
in the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) or Pilot’s
Operating Handbook (POH).
If the seaplane is in the water during the preflight, take
a good look at how it sits on the surface. This can provide
vital clues to the presence of water in the floats, as
well as to the position of the center of gravity. Is the
seaplane lower in the water than it should be, given its
load? Is one wing lower than the other, or is one float
riding noticeably lower in the water than the other? Are
the sterns of the floats low in the water? If any of these
signs are present, suspect a flooded float compartment
or an improperly loaded seaplane. At more than 8
pounds per gallon, even a relatively small amount of
water in a float compartment can seriously affect both
useful load and center of gravity (CG).
In the cockpit, verify that the throttle is closed, the
mixture control is full lean, and the magnetos and
master switch are turned off. Lower the water rudders
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