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components oriented at right angles to one another and containing a definite
amount of energy.
Electromagnetic
Gun (EMG)
A gun in which the projectile is accelerated by electromagnetic forces rather than
by an explosion, as in a conventional gun.
Electromagnetic
Interference (EMI)
Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise
degrades or limits the effective performance of electronics/electrical equipment.
It can be induced intentionally, as in some forms of electronic warfare, or
unintentionally, as a result of spurious emissions and responses, intermodulation
products, and the like.
Electromagnetic
Pulse (EMP)
The electromagnetic radiation from a nuclear explosion caused by Comptonrecoil
electrons and photoelectrons from photons scattered in the materials of
the nuclear device or in a surrounding medium. The resulting electric and
magnetic fields may couple with electrical/electronic systems to produce
damaging current and voltage surges. May also be caused by non-nuclear
means.
Electromagnetic
Radiation (EMR)
(1) A form of propagated energy, arising from electric charges in motion that
produces a simultaneous wavelike variation of electric and magnetic
fields in space. The highest frequencies (or shortest wavelengths) of
such radiation are possessed by gamma rays, which originate from
processes within atomic nuclei. As one goes to lower frequencies, the
electromagnetic spectrum includes x-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light,
infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves.
(2) Radiation made up of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and
propagated with the speed of light. Includes gamma radiation, X-rays,
ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation, and radar and radio waves.
Electromagnetics Application of electrical, electronic, and magnetic phenomena to develop devices
used in system/subsystem design, excluding employment in the RF spectrum.
Electromagnetic
Spectrum
The range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation from zero to infinity. It is
divided into 26 alphabetically designated bands.
MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 E
91
Electronic
Counter-
Countermeasure
s (ECCM)
That division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to insure friendly
effective use of the electromagnetic, optical, and acoustic spectra despite the
enemy’s use of electronic warfare to include high power microwave techniques.
Electronic
Countermeasure
(ECM)
That division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to prevent or reduce an
enemy’s effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Electronic
Industries
Association (EIA)
A standards organization specializing in the electrical and functional
characteristics of interface equipment.
Electronic
Warfare (EW)
Any military activity involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to
control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. The three major
subdivisions are:
• Electronic attack – Involves the use of electromagnetic or directed energy to
attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading,
neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability. Also known as EA.
Includes: 1) actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemy’s effective use of
the electromagnetic spectrum, such as jamming and electromagnetic
deception, and 2) employment of weapons that use either electromagnetic or
directed energy as their primary destructive mechanism (lasers, radio
frequency weapons, particle beams).
• Electronic protection -- Involves actions taken to protect personnel, facilities,
and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy employment of
electronic warfare that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat
capability. Also called EP.
• Electronic warfare support – Involves actions tasked by, or under direct
control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and
locate sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic
energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition. Thus, electronic
warfare support provides information required for immediate decisions
involving electronic warfare operations and other tactical actions such as
threat avoidance, targeting, and homing. Also called ES.
Electronic
Warfare (EW)
Environments
Electronic warfare environments result from radar and communications jamming
and other related electromagnetic countermeasures and countercountermeasures.
Currently, radar jamming is the sole EW threat for the NMD
system.
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