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? Slightly affects FG and the PRIM control laws
? Affects the characteristic speeds that appear on the PFD.
However, ValphaPROT, ValphaMAX, VSW are not affected, because they are calculated on the basis of aerodynamic data.
ERRONEOUS FUEL ON BOARD (FOB) ENTRY
If the FOB entry is not correct, the GW and CG will not be correct until the engines are started, and
all of the above-mentioned consequences apply. When the engines are started, fuel figures are updated and applicable data is also updated accordingly.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
ZFW - ZFCG ENTRY ERRORS
OPERATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS
Applicable to: ALL
It is possible to limit the number of ZFW or ZFWCG entry errors by applying the following recommendations:
? If the flight crew performs a manual refuelling, the flight crew should carefully check the CG calculation, because the load and trim sheet CG is calculated on the basis of the standard distribution of fuel.
? Both flight crewmembers should crosscheck ZFW and ZFWCG entries.
? The CG on the load and trim sheet should be compared with the CG on the ECAM.
If the flight crew detects a GW error in flight (e.g. a characteristic speeds error), then a GW update can be made via the FUEL PRED page of the MCDU.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
PREFACE
Applicable to: ALL
The Center of Gravity (CG) is the point at which weight is applied. The CG is expressed as a percentage of the Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC). It must remain within a range determined by the CG's impact on the aircraft:
? Performance
? Structure
? Handling characteristics (when in direct law).
These factors define the range that the CG must remain within. This range is referred to as the CG envelope.
MECHANICAL ASSUMPTIONS
Applicable to: ALL
For pitch control, there are three forces that must be considered when airborne:
? The weight applied on the CG
? The lift applied on the Center of Pressure (CP)
? The downward force created by the Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer (THS).
Forces applied on flying aircraft
Because the first two forces are not applied at the same point, they create a pitching moment, that must be counteracted by the THS setting.
INFLUENCE OF THE CENTER OF GRAVITY ON THE AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE
Applicable to: ALL
The position of the CG has a significant impact on performance, because it determines the balance of the longitudinal forces.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
When the CG moves forward, the nose down moment increases. The THS produces a greater downward force to counteract this moment. As a result, lift must increase, in order to balance both the weight and the THS downward force. Therefore, a forward CG will result in a greater stall speed value. On A330/A340, the stall speed increases by 1.5 kt, when the CG varies from 26 % to full forward CG.
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A330/A340 机组训练手册 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual 2(70)
