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Reactive Windshear
In case of the "WINDSHEAR WINDSHEAR WINDSHEAR" aural warning, the PF must set TOGA for go-around. However, the configuration (slats/flaps, gear) must not be changed until out of the shear. The flight crew must closely monitor the flight path and speed.
VOLCANIC ASH
Applicable to: ALL
PREFACE
Volcanic ash or dust consists of very abrasive particles, that may cause engine surge and severe damage to aircraft surfaces that are exposed to the airflow. For this reason, operations in volcanic ash must be avoided. However, if such operations cannot be avoided, the operators should apply the following recommendations.
GROUND OPERATIONS
PRELIMINARY COCKPIT PREPARATION
The use of APU should be avoided whenever possible, and the use of the Ground Power Unit (GPU) should be preferred. The wipers must not be used for any reason.
EXTERIOR INSPECTION
Maintenance personnel must remove ash that has settled on exposed lubricated surfaces that can penetrate seals or enter the engine gas path, air conditioning system, air data probes and other orifices on the aircraft. They must clean the engines air inlet of any volcanic ash. In addition, they must clean the 25-feet area around the engine inlet.
ENGINE START
The use of an external pneumatic supply should be preferred, when possible. If this is not possible, the APU can be used to start the engines.
Before starting the engines, the flight crew must use dry cranking. This will blow out any ash that may have entered the booster area.
TAXI
The flight crew must move forward the thrust levers smoothly to the minimum required thrust to taxi, and must avoid any sharp or high-speed turns. The bleeds must be kept OFF.
TAKEOFF
It is advisable to use the rolling takeoff technique, and smoothly apply thrust.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
ADVERSE WEATHER
IN FLIGHT CRUISE
The flight crew must avoid flying into areas of known volcanic ash. If a volcanic eruption is reported, while the aircraft is in flight, the flight must be rerouted to remain clear of the affected area. The volcanic dust may spread over several hundred miles. Whenever possible, the flight crew should stay on the upwind side of the volcano.
Depending on outside conditions (night flight, clouds), volcanic dust may not be visible. However, several phenomena can indicate that the aircraft is flying through ash cloud, for example:
? Smoke or dust in the cockpit
? Acrid odour, similar to electrical smoke
? Engine malfunction, e.g. a rising EGT
? At night, the appearance of St Elmo fire, bright white or orange glow appearing in engine inlets or sharp and distinct beams from the landing lights.
If an ash cloud is encountered, the applicable procedure is described in the QRH. The essential actions to be taken are:
? A 180 ° turn, if possible. This is the quickest way to escape, because the ash cloud lateral dimension is not known
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A330/A340 机组训练手册 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual 2(62)
