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It is not recommended to keep the nose high in order to increase aircraft drag during the initial part of the roll-out, as this technique is inefficient and increases the risk of tail strike. Furthermore, if auto brake MED is used (mode 4 or HI on A340-500/600), it may lead to a hard nose gear touch down. During the derotation phase, it is normal to feel 3 successive "shocks" or "contacts with the ground"; the first from aft wheels of the MLG boogie, the second from the front wheels of the MLG boogie, the third from the NLG.
ROLL OUT
Applicable to: ALL
NORMAL CONDITIONS
During the roll out, the rudder pedals will be used to steer the aircraft on the runway centreline. At high speed, directional control is achieved with rudder. As the speed reduces, the Nose Wheel Steering (NWS) becomes active. However, the NWS tiller will not be used until taxi speed is reached.
NORMAL OPERATIONS
LANDING
CROSSWIND CONDITIONS
The above-mentioned technique applies. Additionally, the pilot will avoid to set stick into the wind as
it increases the weathercock effect. Indeed, it creates a differential down force on the wheels into the wind side.
The reversers have a destabilizing effect on the airflow around the rudder and thus decrease the efficiency of the rudder. Furthermore they create a side force, in case of a remaining crab angle, which increases the lateral skidding tendency of the aircraft. This adverse effect is quite noticeable on contaminated runways with crosswind. In case a lateral control problem occurs in high crosswind landing, the pilot will consider to set reversers back to Idle.
At lower speeds, the directional control of the aircraft is more problematic, more specifically on wet and contaminated runways. Differential braking is to be used if necessary. On wet and
contaminated runways, the same braking effect may be reached with full or half deflection of the pedals; additionally the anti skid system releases the brake pressure on both sides very early when the pilot presses on the pedals. Thus if differential braking is to be used, the crew will totally release the pedal on the opposite side to the expected turn direction.
BRAKING
Applicable to: ALL
Once on the ground, the importance of the timely use of all means of stopping the aircraft cannot be overemphasised.
Three systems are involved in braking once the aircraft is on the ground:
? The ground spoilers
? The thrust reversers
? The wheel brakes
THE GROUND SPOILERS
When the aircraft touches down with at least one main landing gear and when at least one thrust lever is in the reverse sector, the ground spoilers partially automatically deploy to ensure that the aircraft is properly sit down on ground. This is the partial lift dumping function. Then, the ground spoilers automatically fully deploy.
The ground spoilers contribute to aircraft deceleration by increasing aerodynamic drag at high speed. Wheel braking efficiency is improved due to the increased load on the wheels. Additionally, the ground spoiler extension signal is used for auto-brake activation.
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A330/A340 机组训练手册 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual 2(10)
