直升机飞行训练手册 HELICOPTER FLIGHT TRAINING MANUAL(55)

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
A study of helicopter accidents in Canada will reveal that many are associated with slinging operations. Most are preventable. Plan the slinging you undertake, estimate the flying characteristics of the load, and fly with accuracy and precision. Never let the oscillations of the load reach a magnitude that endangers you and the helicopter; far better to jettison the load than to lose the helicopter. In the event of any emergency in flight jettison the load.
UNUSUAL LOADS
Over the years, you will be asked to sling different loads. In the diagrams below are several ideas, which have worked over the years. Most loads should be comparable to one of the following:
 

 
Figure 28-2: Barrel Lifts
 

 
 
 
 
Figure 28-3: Sling Lifts
 Figure 28-4: Sling Lifts 
 
 

 
Figure 28-5: Swivel 
 

OPERATIONAL TIPS

 
Figure 28-6: Swivel
 
1. Always use a swivel.
2. If possible operate from level, large areas.
3. Keep area clear of debris; hats, scarves, tarps, boards, etc.
4. Resist the urge for more speed.
5. Empty barrels are a poor load, FULL barrels are good one.
6. On aerodynamic loads spoil the lift with a tree or barrel.
7. In #6, the heavier the load the better it flies.
8. Always keep RPM on high side.
9. Beware of static electricity.
10. On approach, control the rate of descent carefully.
11. Plan the best fuel load according to the sling operation.
12. Clear area after delivery of load as quickly as possible; remember the crew on the ground have no protection from the downwash.
 

 
Figure 28-7: Wind Vane on Load

 

 
Figure 28-8: Wind Vane on Load 
 Figure 28-9: Lifting Pipe 
 

 

 
Figure 28-10: Lifting Pallets
 

 
Figure 28-11: Lifting Poles 
EXERCISE 29 - TYPE CONVERSION
The reasoning behind the type conversion exercise is that there are many types of helicopters; each has different power plants, rotors, flight controls, hydraulic and electrical systems. As a result, the handling characteristics, capabilities and limitations are different for each type.
Helicopter pilots in Canada are required to have their licences endorsed for each type of helicopter they intend to fly. As a helicopter pilot, you may be required to fly several types of helicopter. In this exercise your instructor will teach you the necessary knowledge and in-flight experience to convert you safely and effectively from one type to another.
A thorough conversion is essential to flight safety, particularly when converting from a piston to a turbine-powered helicopter or vice versa.
KNOWLEDGE
The majority of the information taught is contained in the flight manual. This is often supplemented by additional training publications. It is essential you have a thorough working knowledge of the different systems and procedures contained in all these publications.
SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES
1. Normal procedures for daily inspections, start-up and shutdown.
2. Normal in-flight procedures
3. Emergencies.
4. Capacities and fuel consumption.
5. Systems appropriate to type, e.g. hydraulics, transmission, electrical, fuel and oil.
PERFORMANCE
Particular attention should be paid to the limitations section including:
1. airspeeds;
2. all-up weight and centre of gravity; and
3. rotor and engine limits.
EXPERIENCE
The knowledge acquired will now be applied practically as your instructor commences the flight training necessary for the conversion. The following points will be emphasized:
1. control response differences. The type of rotor system will affect the control response particularly between high and low inertia rotor systems. There will also be quite noticeable changes in the response and feel between rigid, semi-rigid and articulated rotors; and obvious differences to clockwise and anti-clockwise turning rotor blades;
　
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