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FIRST SOLO
The first solo is a landmark in your flying career. You will never forget it and it is quite normal to look forward to it, but do not exaggerate its importance. It is not so much when you solo, but rather what you know and what you can do correctly at this stage of training that is important. Soloing is merely another step in the orderly process of training, bringing you to the stage where learning really begins.
Before being permitted to take your first solo flight, you will have to demonstrate to your instructor that you are able to:
1. take off and land reasonably smoothly and consistently vertically, with no yaw, sideways or rearwards drift. The hover should be steady and well controlled;
2. carry out a transition preceded by a clearing turn as a normal airmanship manoeuvre. Airspeeds and power settings should be well controlled and smooth;
3. fly a consistently safe and accurate circuit, and be able to correct any inaccuracies without assistance from your instructor;
4. fly a safe approach and be able to correct any large deviations from the selected approach angle. Reduce the forward speed smoothly and progressively. The approach should consistently terminate with a hover over the selected spot at the recommended hover height; and
5. be able to handle any emergency which may occur during the circuit.
As pilot-in-command you are responsible for the operation and safety of the helicopter during its flight time on solo flight. However, for this first solo your instructor will ensure that suitable conditions exist and precautions are taken. For example:
1. sufficient fuel, be sure the helicopter has sufficient fuel for the intended solo flight, with adequate reserve for possible delays;
2. light, sufficient daylight must remain for successful completion of the anticipated flight, allowing a liberal margin for possible additional circuits or delays due to other traffic;
3. weather, the first solo flight should not be considered unless suitable weather conditions exist, and are forecast to continue;
4. other traffic, at airports where unusually heavy activity exists at certain times of the day, it may be advisable to avoid a first solo at such time; and
5. fatigue, after a lengthy session of dual instruction, you may be so fatigued that it is inadvisable to consider a first solo flight, even though you may be performing satisfactorily.
Ensure that you securely fasten the seat belt and shoulder harness, if fitted, of the empty seat, so that there is no chance of the belts interfering with the collective or cyclic.
On a solo flight, you will notice that the lateral CG shifts somewhat and that the takeoff and transition will appear to be more rapid as the helicopter will be significantly lighter. This was the most noticeable feature of the first solo flight.
For a given power setting, you will find that the helicopter will climb much more rapidly and that a somewhat greater collective reduction is necessary to initiate a descent.
New manoeuvres and procedures will be added as progress permits, and further solo flights planned at intervals throughout your training. Specific practice on previously learned procedures, as well as new, will be included in these solo flights. When authorized and briefed to do specific manoeuvres, it is important that you practise this specific work diligently in order to develop safe flying skills. The objective of any solo flight must be to attain greater precision, co-ordination and judgement.
EXERCISE 16 - SIDEWAYS AND REARWARDS FLIGHT
One of the unique abilities of the helicopter is that of being capable of moving over the ground in a sideways or backwards fashion. For the pilot, the ability to fly the helicopter in this manner is fundamental to exploiting its manoeuvrability to the maximum.
If conditions allow, it is always preferable to hover-taxi forward rather than sideways or to the rear. It is obvious that your visibility is much better when facing forward than if you were moving in another direction and you will therefore be better able to identify and avoid obstacles that may intrude into the flight path. You will also be better able to handle an engine failure when the helicopter is moving forward with the skids tracking across the ground parallel to the direction of movement. It is important, during any hovering manoeuvres, to maintain a proper hover height. A number of manufacturers recommend 3 to 5 feet skid height. Helicopters with low inertia blades should generally be hovered at a lower skid height. In any case, the height should not be so low that the skids are in danger of contacting the ground or small obstacles, since a rollover may result if the helicopter is in motion.
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直升机飞行训练手册 HELICOPTER FLIGHT TRAINING MANUAL(29)
