曝光台 注意防骗
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encounter, appropriate action should be taken in response to callouts.
The Pilot Monitoring should focus attention on airspeed, vertical speed, altitude,
pitch attitude, glidepath deviation and thrust. If significant deviations should
occur, call them out immediately. In a windshear encounter, the Pilot
Monitoring should call aircraft trends such as “CLIMBING” or “SINKING”
accompanied by radio altitude (AGL).
Pilot Reports
As soon as possible, report the encounter to the tower or controlling agency.
The aircraft following might not have the performance required to recover from
the same windshear encounter. The windshear may also be increasing in
intensity making flight through it even more dangerous.
The pilot report should contain the following information:
· Specifically state either GAIN or LOSS of airspeed.
· Magnitude of GAIN or LOSS.
· Altitude at which shear was encountered.
· Location of shear with respect to runway in use.
· Aircraft type.
· Use the term PIREP to encourage rebroadcast of the report to other aircraft.
Critical remarks establishing severity such as .. MAXIMUM THRUST
REQUIRED, ...ALMOST CONTACTED TERRAIN, etc. are also helpful.
Sec. 3 Page 316
Rev. 11/15/02 #41 Continental
737
Flight Manual
Windshear Enhanced Flight Directors
The B737 windshear recovery enhancement system includes a detection and a
guidance system. Each system operates independently of the other.
A windshear condition is detected using comparisons of angle-of-attack, IRS
accelerations, and airspeed from the air data computer. The minimum
windshear intensity which activates a warning is dependent upon flap position,
radio altitude, and phase of flight (takeoff or approach). The windshear alert
does not annunciate shears of the type which require only routine piloting effort.
As a result, the alerting signal is considered a warning level and specific crew
actions are expected.
The GPWS provides the aural and visual alerting signals or windshear
conditions. The actual warning consists of two-tone siren followed by the words
“WINDSHEAR, WINDSHEAR, WINDSHEAR.” The actual warning is
activated only once during a windshear encounter. The visual warning is
provided by illumination of the WINDSHEAR lights on the Captain’s and First
Officer’s instrument panel (Non-EFIS aircraft). On EFIS aircraft the
WINDSHEAR warning annunciation is on the Captain’s and First Officer’s EADI.
The lights remain illuminated until a safe airspeed has been re-established after
the windshear has dissipated. The windshear warnings take priority over all
other GPWS modes.
On takeoff, the alert is enabled at rotation and remains enabled up to 1,500 ft.
radio altitude.
On approach, the alert is enabled at 1,500 ft. RA and remains enabled until
touchdown.
The Flight Director was chosen as the guidance system because it is simple,
displayed on the ADI, and pilots use it on a routine basis. The windshear
recovery enhancement flight director will provide proper flight, path guidance
only when operating in the TOGA pitch mode (i.e., with TOGA annunciated). The
control inputs for the guidance come from vertical speed, airspeed and angle of
attack. When using the windshear recovery enhanced flight guidance system,
the command guidance control laws are:
· V/S Greater than 1200 fpm - The F/D will maintain a minimum of cursor
speed.
· V/S Less than 1200 fpm and Down to 600 fpm - As the V/S decreases, the
F/D command will slowly adjust from speed control to pitch control so that
at 600 FPM the F/D will command 15 degrees pitch and disregard
airspeed.
737
Flight Manual Continental
Sec. 3 Page 317
Rev. 11/15/02 #41
· V/S 600 fpm Down to 0 fpm - The F/D will slowly adjust from 15° pitch
toward optimum pitch (the angle of attack for stick shaker minus 2
degrees).
· V/S Less than 0 fpm - The F/D will maintain the angle of attack for stick
shaker minus 2 degrees.
· When the aircraft departs the windshear environment, the flight director
will smoothly transition back to the normal takeoff or go-around mode.
Takeoff
Normal takeoff procedures include the use of flight directors and use of the
TOGA mode. Consequently, if windshear is encountered on takeoff, the F/D will
command proper flight path guidance, as determined by the control laws above.
Approach
Approaches are generally made with the flight directors ON. When the flight
director is ON, the command guidance is to maintain either vertical path or level
flight. In either case, there is no windshear guidance. Even in windshear
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