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End-User Program Analysis
Bor-Yuh Evan Chang
University of California, Berkeley
Dissertation Talk
August 28, 2008
Advisor: George C. Necula, Collaborator: Xavier Rival (INRIA)
2
Software errors cost a lot
~$60 billion annually (~0.5% of US GDP)
– 2002 National Institute of Standards and
Technology report
> total annual revenue of
> 10x annual budget of
Bor-Yuh Evan Chang - End-User Program Analysis
3
But there’s hope in program analysis
Microsoft uses and distributes
the Static Driver Verifier
Airbus applies
the Astrée Static Analyzer
Companies, such as Coverity and Fortify,
market static source code analysis tools
Bor-Yuh Evan Chang - End-User Program Analysis
4
Because program analysis can
eliminate entire classes of bugs
For example,
– Reading from a closed file:
– Reacquiring a locked lock:
How?
– Systematically examine the program
– Simulate running program on “all inputs”
– “Automated code review”
read( );
acquire( );
Bor-Yuh Evan Chang - End-User Program Analysis
5
… code …
// x now points to an unlocked lock
acquire(x);
… code …
analysis
state
Program analysis by example:
Checking for double acquires
Bor-Yuh Evan Chang - End-User Program Analysis
Simulate running program on “all inputs”
x
acquire(x);
… code …
6
… code …
// x now points to an unlocked lock in a linked list
acquire(x);
… code …
ideal analysis state
Program analysis by example:
Checking for double acquires
Bor-Yuh Evan Chang - End-User Program Analysis
Simulate running program on “all inputs”
x x x
or or or …
7
… code …
// x now points to an unlocked lock in a linked list
acquire(x);
… code …
ideal analysis state analysis
state
Must abstract
Bor-Yuh Evan Chang - End-User Program Analysis
x x x
or or or …
x
For decidability, must
abstract—“model all
inputs” (e.g., merge
objects)
Abstraction too coarse or not precise enough
(e.g., lost x is always unlocked)
mislabels good code
as buggy
8
To address the precision challenge
Traditional program analysis mentality:
“Why can’t developers write more specifications for
our analysis? Then, we could verify so much more.”
“Since developers won’t write specifications, we will
use default abstractions (perhaps coarse) that work
hopefully most of the time.”
End-user approach:
“Can we design program analyses around the user?
Developers write testing code. Can we adapt the
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