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52. Airlines/operators should
ensure that their
training/standardization
programs establish flight crew
proficiency in the use of the
FMS system.
Knowledge-5: The FAA should reassess the airman
certification criteria to ensure that pilots are released
with a satisfactory level of skills for managing and
using automation. Since current training is often
oriented toward preparing pilots for checkrides, the
airman certification criteria should be reassessed to
ensure appropriate coverage of the topics listed in
Recommendation Knowledge-2.
57.
Airlines/operators/regulatory
agencies/manufacturers
should implement a program
for sharing of safety related
information within the
aviation community.
Measures-1: The FAA should:
· Lead the aviation community to use accident
precursors increasingly and consistently as an
additional measure of aviation safety;
· Work with industry to establish systems/processes
for collecting precursor data and for tracking the
influence of system changes (e.g., design changes,
training changes) on safety; and
Work with industry to investigate other means of
assessing or communicating safety (e.g., ways of
measuring errors intercepted, incidents or accidents
prevented, etc.).
77. Eliminate nonprecision
approaches where possible.
Situation Awareness-4: The FAA and the aviation
industry should develop and implement a plan to
transition to standardized instrument approaches using
lateral navigation (LNAV) and vertical navigation
(VNAV) path guidance for three-dimensional
approaches. The use of approaches that lack vertical
path guidance should be minimized and eventually
eliminated.
78. Airlines/operators and
regulatory agencies should
implement a process to
improve the availability,
clarity and prioritization of
NOTAM information.
Comm/Cord-5: The FAA should encourage the
redesign and modernization of the information
provided to the flightcrew in notices to airmen
(NOTAMs), charts, approach plates, instrument
procedures, meteorological data, etc. The information
should be prioritized and highlighted in terms of
urgency and importance, and presented in a clear,
well-organized, easy-to-understand format suitable for
use with current and future airplanes.
Page 24
JSAT Intervention Strategy HF Team recommendation
111. Airlines/operators should
evaluate their
training/standardization
programs to ensure emphasis
on basic airmanship skills and
knowledge during initial and
recurrent training.
Knowledge-2: The FAA should reassess the
requirements that determine the content, length, and
type of initial and recurrent flightcrew training.
Ensure that the content appropriately includes:
· Management and use of automation, including
mental models of the automation, and moving
between levels of automation;
· Flightcrew situation awareness, including mode
and automation awareness;
· Basic airmanship;
· Crew Resource Management;
· Decision making, including unanticipated event
training;
· Examples of specific difficulties encountered
either in service or in training; and
· Workload management (task management).
The FAA should work with industry to develop
guiding principles and associated advisory material
for training, operational procedures, and flightcrew
qualification for the areas listed above.
What follows are other FAA Human Factors Team recommendations that relate to the
JSAT analysis which were not specifically identified by the JSAT:
Measures-2 In accident/incident investigations where human error is considered a
potential factor, the FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board should
thoroughly investigate the factors that contributed to the error, including design, training,
operational procedures, the airspace system, or other factors. The FAA should encourage
other organizations (both domestic and foreign) conducting accident/incident
investigations to do the same. This recommendation should apply to all accident
investigations involving human error, regardless of whether the error is associated with a
pilot, mechanic, air traffic controller, dispatcher, or other participant in the aviation
system.
Situation Awareness-1 The FAA should require operators to increase flightcrews’
understanding of and sensitivity to maintaining situation awareness, particularly:
· Mode and airplane energy awareness issues associated with autoflight systems (i.e.,
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