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should ensure that they do not require aircraft doors to be opened in a manner which
exposes people to unnecessary risk'.
● The IATA Airport Handling Manual 25th edition 2005 AHM 430 recommends that cabin
access doors shall be operated by specially trained and qualified staff from outside,
unless otherwise instructed by the carrier. It also emphasises the importance of
communication between cabin crew and ground staff and of standard signals (thumb up
signal and knocking on the door) for door operation. Operators should advise cabin crew
before removing ground support equipment (GSE) from cabin access doors, and that
GSE must not be removed unless a safety device has been put across the aircraft door
opening, or the aircraft door is being closed.
9 When an aircraft door is opened this operation should preferably be performedwith a wide
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SIM 05/2005/05 - Preventing Falls from Height from, or When Opening or Closing Aircraft Doors
platform which allows the door to open within the confines of the area protected by guardrails.
If it is not possible to open the door with such a platform in place, further precautions as
detailed in the guidance must be utilised.
10 Airlines have the ultimate responsibility for procedures for opening their aircraft doors.
While HSE is aiming for maximum protection for ground workers at airports, the airlines
responsibility for cabin crew must also be considered, with consistent procedures to facilitate
training. We are looking for clear, consistent procedures, signals and communication which
can be applied at all airports for each aircraft type, as far as this is possible.
11 Some airlines have already introduced door nets to protect against falls from open doors.
Such nets or restraint systems must be adequately tested and secured. Door straps on many
aircraft are simply a warning device and are not fall protection systems.
12 There are 3 main types of aircraft door:
1) Passenger cabin access doors
These doors are used for:
● Passenger access and egress
● Servicing the aircraft eg catering
2) Overwing (emergency evacuation)
3) Upper deck doors (emergency evacuation). It is proposed that catering of the new
Airbus A380 can be carried out via upper deck doors.
NOTE: All passenger cabin doors may be used for emergency evacuation
Cargo and hold doors are not included in this guidance
13 Some aircraft doors are automated or semi-automated which can reduce the risks of
approaching an unguarded edge to open or close the door. Steps or air bridges should be
positioned outside the door before it is opened to provide some fall protection, even if guard
rails cannot be fully positioned until the door is fully open.
14 If it is necessary to approach an unguarded edge to open or close a door, consideration
should be given to additional protection such as door nets or personal fall protection (see
paragraphs 31 - 34) where possible.
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15 Signals in use for door opening procedures vary at UK airports and between aircraft
operators. Signals may include `thumbs up' or a code of knocking on the door. Procedures
may also include a count down before opening the door. As far as possible signals and
procedures should be standardised to avoid confusion for cabin or ground crew. Both MUST
be fully conversant with the signals or codes to be used.
16 Aircraft doors should only be operated by door trained personnel such as trained ground
staff, cabin crew, engineers or other competent workers.
17 Open aircraft doors must be protected by effective fall prevention barriers, ground support
equipment or other means. Doors should never be left unprotected once open. Where doors
are open and passengers are on board the aircraft it is particularly important that the doors are
guarded either by a physical barrier or by a suitably trained crew member.
18 Where doors are opened from outside by ground handlers such as caterers, the guidance
in SIM 05/2004/13 applies.
Means of access
19 Passenger doors may be accessed via air bridges, mobile access steps or integral aircraft
steps. Other means of access includes service vehicles such as catering high loaders.
Air Bridges
20 Where an air bridge is used the risk of a fall is minimised. Once the bridge is positioned
communication between cabin crew and ground handlers is paramount. Signals must be
clearly understood by all parties and there should be positive confirmation by a pre-agreed
signal that the bridge is fully in position and the door can be opened. Door opening may be
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