FAA规章 美国联邦航空规章 Federal Aviation Regulations 2(87)

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[For each instrument that uses a power source, the followingapply :
(a)
Eachinstrument musthave anintegral visualpower annunciator or separatepower indicator toindicate whenpoweris not adequate to sustainproperinstrumentper-formance. If a separate indicator is used, it must be located so that the pilot using the instruments can monitor the indicator with minimum head and eye movement. Thepowermustbe sensed at or nearthepoint whereit enterstheinstrument.For electric and vacuum/pressure instruments, the power is considered to be adequate when the voltage or the vacuum/pressure, respectively, is within approved limits.

(b)
The installation and power supply systems must be designed so that–

(1)
Thefailure ofoneinstrument will notinterfere withtheproper supply of energy to the remaining instrument; and

(2)
The failure of the energy supply from one source will not interfere with the proper supply of energy from any other source.

 

(c)
There mustbe atleast twoindependent sources ofpower(notdrivenby the same engine on multiengine airplanes), and a manual or an automatic means to select each power source.]

Amdt. 23-43, E.. 05/10/93
FAR23.1335 :Flightdirector[systems.]
[If a .ight director system is installed, means must be provided to indicate to the .ight crew its current mode of operation. Selector switch position is not acceptable as a means of indication.] Amdt. 23-20, E.. 09/01/77
FAR 23.1337 : Powerplant instruments installation.
(a) Instruments and instrument lines.
′
Elodie Roux. Septembre 2003
Subpart F : Equipment
(1)
Each powerplant and auxiliary power unit instrument line must meet the re-quirements of Sec. 23.993.

(2)
Each line carrying .ammable .uids under pressure must–

(i)
Have restricting ori.ces or other safety devices at the source of pressure to prevent the escape of excessive .uid if the line fails; and

(ii)
Be installed and located so that the escape of .uids would not create a hazard.

 

(3)
Eachpowerplantand auxiliarypowerunitinstrumentthatutilizes .ammable .uidsmustbeinstalled andlocated sothattheescapeof.uid would not create a hazard.

(b)
Fuelquantityindicator.Theremustbeameanstoindicatetothe .ightcrewmembers the quantity of usable fuel in each tank during .ight. An indicator calibrated in appropriate units and clearly marked to indicate those units must be used. In addition–

(1)
Each fuel quantity indicator must be calibrated to read ”zero” during level .ight whenthequantity offuel remaininginthetankis equal tothe unusable fuel supply determined under[Sec.23.959(a);]

(2)
Each exposed sight gauge used as a fuel quantity indicator must be protected against damage;

(3)
Each sightgaugethatforms atrap in which watercan collect andfreeze must have means to allow drainage on the ground;

(4)
There must be a means to indicate the amount of usable fuel in each tank whenthe airplaneis ontheground(such asby a stickgauge);

(5)
Tanks withinterconnectedoutlets and airspaces maybe considered as one tank and need not have separate indicators; and

(6)
No fuel quantity indicator is required for an auxiliary tank that is used only to transfer fuel to other tanks if the relative size of the tank, the rate of fuel transfer, and operating instructions are adequate to–

(i)
Guard against over.ow; and

(ii)
Givethe .ight crewmembersprompt warningif transferisnotproceeding asplanned.

 

 

(c)
Fuel .owmeter system. If a fuel .owmeter system is installed, each metering com-ponent must have a means to by-pass the fuel supply if malfunctioning of that component severely restricts fuel .ow.

(d)
Oil quantity indicator.Theremustbe ameanstoindicatethequantity of oilineach tank–
　
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