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every fourth omitted in the interest of legibility.
mehdian)
Note 2.- Railroads may be named where space permits.
16.5.3 The graduation marks at 1' and 5' intervals shall 16.7.2.2 Recommendation.- Important tunnels should
extend away from the Greenwich Meridian and from the be shown.
Equator. Each 10' interval shall be shown by a mark on both
sides of the graticule line. Note.- A descriptive note may be added.
Chapter 16 Annex 4 - Aeronautical Charts
16.7.3 Highways and roads 16.7.8 Hypsometric tints
16.7.3.1 Road systems shall be shown in sufficient detail
to indicate significant patterns from the air.
16.7.3.2 Recommendation.- Roads should not be
shown in built-up areas unless they can be distinguished from
the air as definite landmarks.
Note.- The numbers or names of important highways may
be shown.
16.7.4 Landmarks
Recommendation.- Natural and cultural landmarks,
such as bridges, prominent transmission lines, permanent
cable car installations, mine structures, forts, ruins, levees,
pipelines, and rocks, bluffs, cliffs, sand dunes, isolated
lighthouses, lightships. etc.. when considered to be of
importance for visual air navigation, should be shown.
Note.- Descriptive notes may be added.
16.7.5 Political boundaries
International boundaries shall be shown. Undemarcated and
undefined boundaries shall be distinguished by descriptive
notes.
16.7.6 Hydrography
16.7.6.1 All water features compatible with the scale of
the chart comprising shore lines, lakes, rivers and streams
(including those non-perennial in nature), salt lakes, glaciers
and ice caps shall be shown.
16.7.6.2 Recommendation.- The tint covering large
open water areas should be kept very light.
Note.- A narrow band of darker tone may be used along
the shore line to emphasize this feature.
16.7.6.3 Recommendation.- Reefs and shoals including
rocky ledges, tidaljlats, isolated rocks, sand, gravel, stone and
all similar areas should be shown by symbols when of
significant landmark value.
Note.- Groups of rocks may be shown by a few representative
rock symbols within the area.
16.7.7 Contours
16.7.7.1 Contours shall be shown. The selection of
intervals shall be governed by the requirement to depict clearly
the relief features required in air navigation.
16.7.7.2 The values of the contours used shall be shown.
16.7.8.1 When hypsometric tints are used the range of
elevations for the tints shall be shown.
16.7.8.2 The scale of the hypsometric tints used on the
chart shall be shown in the margin.
16.7.9 Spot elevations
16.7.9.1 Spot elevations shall be shown at selected
critical points. The elevations selected shall always be the
highest in the immediate vicinity and shall generally indicate
the top of a peak, ridge, etc. E~evationsin valleys and at lake
surface levels which are of special value to the aviator shall be
shown. The position of each selected elevation shall be
indicated by a dot.
16.7.9.2 The elevation (in metres or feet) of the highest
point on the chart and its geographical position to the nearest
five minutes shall be indicated in the margin.
16.7.9.3 Recommendation.- The ,spot elevation of the
highest point in any sheet should be cleared of hypsometric
tinting.
16.7.10 Incomplete or unreliable relief
16.7.10.1 Areas that have not been surveyed for contour
information shall be labelled "Relief data incomplete".
16.7.10.2 Charts on which spot elevations are generally
unreliable shall bear a warning note prominently displayed on
the face of the chart in the colour used for aeronautical
information, as follows:
"Warning - The reliability of relief information on this
chart is dnuhtful and elevatinns shnuld he used with
caution."
16.7.1 1 Escarpments
Recommendation.- Escarpments should be shown when
they are prominent landmarks or when cultural detail is very
sparse.
16.7.12 Wooded areas
16.7.12.1 Recommendation.- Wooded areas should be
shown.
Note.- On high latitude charts, the approximate extreme
northern or southern limits of tree growth may be shown.
Annex 4 - Aeronautical Charts Chapter 16
16.7.12.2 Where shown, the approximate extreme northern
or southern limits of tree growth shall be indicated by a dashed
black line and shall be appropriately labelled.
16.7.13 Date of topographic information
The date of latest information shown on the topographic base
shall be indicated in the margin.
16.9.3.2 When considered of importance to visual flight,
prominent transmission lines and permanent cable car installations,
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