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Note 2.- Procedure turns may be designated as being
made either in level flight or while descending, according to
the circumstances of each individual procedure.
Prohibited area. An airspace of defined dimensions, above the
land areas or tenitorial waters of a State, within which the
flight of aircraft is prohibited.
Radar vectoring. Provision of navigational guidance to aircraft
in the form of specific headings, based on the use of radar.
Relief. The inequalities in elevation of the surface of the earth
represented on the aeronautical charts by contours, hypsometric
tints, shading or spot elevations.
Reporting point. A specified geographical location in relation
to which the position of an aircraft can be reported.
Required navigation performance (RNP). A statement of the
navigation performance necessary for operation within a
defined airspace.
Note.- Navigation peeonnance and requirements are
defined for a particular RNP type and/or application.
Resolution. A number of units or digits to which a measured
or calculated value is expressed and used.
Restricted area. An airspace of defined dimensions, above the
land areas or territorial waters of a State, within which the
flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain
specified conditions.
Reversal procedure. A procedure designed to enable aircraft
to reverse direction during the initial approach segment of
an instrument approach procedure. The sequence may
include procedure turns or base turns.
RNP type. A containment value expressed as a distance in
nautical miles from the intended position within which
flights would be for at least 95 per cent of the total flying
time.
Example.- RNP 4 represents a navigation accuracy of plus
or minus 7.4 km (4 NM) on a 95 per cent containment basis.
Runway. A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome
prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft.
Runway-holding position. A designated position intended to
protect a runway, an obstacle limitation surface, or an
ILSIMLS criticaVsensitive area at which taxiing aircraft and
vehicles shall stop and hold, unless otherwise authorized by
the aerodrome control tower.
Runway strip. A defined area including the runway and
stopway, if provided, intended:
a) to reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running off a
runway; and
b) to protect aircraft flying over it during take-off or
landing operations.
Runway visual range (RVR). The range over which the pilot
of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the
runway surface markings or the lights delineating the
runway or identifying its centre line.
Shoulder. An area adjacent to the edge of a pavement so
prepared as to provide a transition between the pavement
and the adjacent surface.
Chapter 1 Annex 4 - Aeronautical Charts
SigniBcant obstacle. Any natural terrain feature or man-made
fixed object, permanent or temporary, which has vertical
significance in relation to adjacent and surrounding features
and which is considered a potential hazard to the safe
passage of aircraft in the type of operation for which the
individual chart series is designed.
Note.-- The term "significant obstacle" is used in this
Annex solely for the purpose of specifying the objects to be
included on charts. Obstacles are specified in'other terms in
Annex 14, Volumes I artd II, for the purpose of clearing u d
marking.
Significant point. A specified geographical location used in
defining an ATS route or the flight path of an aircraft and
for other navigation and ATS purposes.
Stopway. A defined rectangular area on the ground at the end
of take-off run available prepared as a suitable area in
which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an
abandoned take-off.
Taxiing. Movement of an aircraft on the surface of an aerodrome
under its own power, excluding take-off and landing.
Taxiway. A defined path on a land aerodrome established for
the taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link
between one part of the aerodrome and another, including:
a) Aircraft stand taxilane. A portion of an apron designated
as a taxiway and intended to provide access to
aircraft stands only.
b) Apron taxiway. A portion of a taxiway system located
on an apron and intended to provide a through taxi route
across the apron.
c) Rapid exit taxiway. A taxiway connected to a runway at
an acute angle and designed to allow landing aeroplanes
to turn off at higher speeds than are achieved on other
exit taxiways thereby minimizing runway occupancy
times.
Threshold. The beginning of that portion of the runway usable
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