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Enhancement (ACE)
methodology
Existing airport infrastructure is often
under-utilised as a result of the use of
sub-optimum practices and procedures.
The EUROCONTROL Airport Capacity
Enhancement (ACE) project provides the
means to release latent capacity through:
n accurate measurement of the performance
of the airport operation;
n assessment of the capacity of the
airport;
n enhancement of air traffic control, pilot
and airport operator performance via
the implementation of best practice
techniques.
The underlying basis for the ACE methodology
is the collection and analysis of
operational data and information. Data is
collected for arrivals and departures and
includes runway occupancy times, pilot
reaction times and measurement of actual
separations. This observation data is
merged with air traffic controller, airport and
Central Flow Management Unit (CFMU)
data to provide a complete profile of the
airport. This process allows the potential
capacity to be identified and released as
part of the enhancement plans.
Providing additional
runway capacity is a key
determinant in any airport
delay reduction process.
Focus
20
Airport capacity
enhancement in action
EUROCONTROL’s analysis and modelling
tool (PIATA+) is then used to validate
the data and put it into a form that facilitates
understanding of the results. As
well as general results, specific analysis
of detailed groups provides real insight.
For example, runway occupancy time for
arrivals can be shown as an average for
all aircraft at the airport, but can also be
shown for each airline and aircraft type
for each runway and exit point.
The data is presented to air traffic controllers
and pilots at individual “forums”.
These forums provide the opportunity
for participants to review each element
of the airside operation and, in addition
to enhancing an understanding of
the airport operation, the review of data
provides the opportunity to develop ideas
for improving airport throughput.
After the individual forums, air traffic
controllers and pilots come together at a
joint forum where all issues are discussed
and a set of recommendations is developed.
Subsequent modelling can also
provide an assessment of the potential
benefits of the various recommendations.
The simple presentation of the airport
operation in each of its various phases
allows an objective assessment of
performance and removes any barriers
or perceptions that air traffic controllers
and pilots may have prior to the forums.
Many recommendations come from
the improved communication between
controllers (both tower and approach),
pilots and the airport company, facilitated
by a very strong culture of cooperation.
An awareness campaign is normally
launched to highlight key issues and
recommendations and to inform all
airport users of the importance of airport
capacity and efficient operations. About
six months later, a second data collection
is then carried out to review the benefits
of any improvements and enhance the
action plan if appropriate.
The ACE team consists of former airport
air traffic controllers, pilots and airport
operators together with capacity analysis
experts with experience in evaluating and
enhancing capacity at many airports. By
working closely with some of Europe’s
busiest and fastest growing airports, the
ACE project has identified a number of
best practices that are applicable for all
airport stakeholders. These best practices
underwent rigorous evaluation at
trial airports and have subsequently been
implemented at many others.
Capacity enablers under
development
Airport capacity, which is a function of
both runway and ground infrastructure,
refers to the ability of an airport to handle
a given volume of traffic demand within a
specified time period. Another problem
facing airports today is that of capacity
reduction during periods of strong headwinds
or crosswinds on the approach. It
is also clear that the current ICAO wake
turbulence categories are outdated,
which means that in many cases aircraft
are being overseparated, resulting in a
loss of capacity with more separation
than they actually need. To help address
these issues EUROCONTROL is working
to update the existing vortex separation
criteria and in some cases to develop
new procedures. The broad areas of
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Skyway Magazine Spring 2009(14)
